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Unit 19 A freedom fighter

作者:未知来源:中央电教馆时间:2006/4/17 20:29:54阅读:nyq
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教学建议

本单元教学思路

  本单元从内容上讲是围绕马丁·路德·金的故事为背景展开的。所以本单元有着十分浓郁的历史背景,语言是文化的载体,语言与文化结合就是历史。这也是语言教学所担负的功能。在进行本单元的教学实践时,应当尽可能的引入与本单元相关联的事实语言材料。例如,在进行课文教学的过程当中,可以搜集适当的音像素材。以补充教材的单薄。同时可以将马丁·路德·金的那篇著名的演讲印发给学生,鼓励学生进行朗诵,甚至是背诵。

  在语法教学方面,除了讲述有关与定语从句相关的有关的语法知识以外,还要加强对定语从句的运用的强化。有相当一部分学生在进入高三年级后仍然不知道定语从句的准确用法。同时也在一定程度上抑制了学生的阅读理解能力的提高,以至于学生对于较为复杂的句子的理解存在着相当大的困惑。加强这方面能力的提高可以通过适当的阅读与控制性的语言素材的收集进行知识的整理。千万不要满足于单项选择题目的练习。

教学目标与要点

  1、能熟练使用表示推测和判断的日常交际用语,并能运用所学的判断和推测的日常用语,完成相关的听、说、写的任务。

  2、学习定语从句,掌握由whose 等词引导的非限定性定语从句。

  3、阅读学习美国著名的黑人运动领袖马丁路德金的生平传记,了解他非凡的一生和在黑人解放运动中的卓越业绩。

  4、掌握本单元的词汇和惯用语,并能熟练运用。

  5、引导学生了解美国的黑人解放运动及复习另外一位代表人物亚伯拉·罕林肯。

  6、理解课文内容主要情节,完成有关部门课文内容的练习,并能进行复述。

  7、让学生了解马丁路德金为之奋斗并献出了生命的美国黑人解放运动,并从中学习到一个真正民主的社会里,所有的人,不论他们的肤色或种族都应享有真正平等的人权。

  8、学会用定语从句来表达句子。注意英语与汉语的文化差异。

教材内容分析

  本单元是围绕“Martin Luther King JR”展开教学活动的,辅之以对话和句型,重点讲述了由等词引导的非限制性定语从句和非谓语动词的用法。学习定语从句要搞清楚这几个方面的关系:1、它是复合句;2、定语从句只就名词或代词进行修饰;3、找准先行词(被修饰的名词或代词);4、定语从句紧跟先行词。认真学习课文Martin Luther King JR(1) (2), 掌握重点词汇和习惯用语的用法.同时,应该掌握非谓语动词的用法.通过本单元的学习,让学生了解二十世纪六十年代美国黑人的状况及马丁路德金为争取黑人与白人同等权利所作的斗争,并完成有关课文内容的练习.

本单元短语和习惯用语

  

本单元重要句型

  1. I imagine you’re not very interested in politics.

  2. I joined in the march and we were marching peacefully along and then the police came up.

  3. By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world.

  4. The message he gave was that black people should not be separated but should be treated as well as other people and with complete respect.

  5. If they wished to, they had to pass a reading test.

  6. King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle.

  7. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their shin but by the content of their character.

  8. We want the same rights as the white people in the city.

  9. As a boy, he enjoyed basketball, tennis and especially football.

  10. The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child.

  11. For years we have been demanding better housing and jobs.

  12. Mixed race marriages were forbidden by law.

本单元日常交际用语

  It seems that…

  I believe…

  I (don’t) think…

  I (don’t) think so.

  I (don’t) agree…

  I guess…

  I can’t believe that…

  In my opinion…

[必会习语]

  1.  the same as                   与……相同

  2. be treated… as        被当作……对待

  3.join in                            参加;加入

  4.come up                        走过来;上来;长出;被提出

  5.over and over again 反复不断地;再三

  6.put…in prison         把……投进监狱

  7.sit an example to            为……树立榜样

  8.make friends                  交朋友

  9.be free to do                  自由自在地做……;随心所欲的做……

  10. from then on                  从那时起

  11. take away               拿走;带走

  12. call for                          要求;需要;号召

  13. give in                           屈服;放弃

  14. separate…from              分开

  15.set free                          释放;使自由

  16.make a speech        发表演讲

  17.side by side                    肩并肩地;一起

本单元的语法项目

(一)定语从句

  定语从句在句中作定语用,修饰某一名词或代词(或修饰整个主句)。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句在先行词之后,定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数应当和先行词一致。引导定语从句有关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that, as)和关系副词(when, where, why),这些关联词同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分。指人的用who, that, whom,指物的用that, which,指时间的用when,指地点的用where.

1、  关系代词的用法

  (1)who (指人,主格,作主语)

  She is one of the girls who always does well at school.

  她是一位在学校学习很好的学生。

  (2)whom(指人,宾格,作宾语。在限定性定语从句可以省略)

  The girls whom he employs are always complaining about their pay.

  他雇用的姑娘们老是抱怨工资太低。

  注意:口语中可以用who代替whom。但在介词提前的定语从句中则不可以用who代替whom。例如:

  The girl (who / whom) I spoke to was a student.

  和我讲话的女孩是个学生。

  The man to whom I spoke was a foreigner.

  我找他讲话的那人是外国人。

  (3)whose(多指人,也可指物。指物是可以与of which 换用。whose 是所有格,作定语)。例如:

  Did you see the girl whose watch is missing?

  你见到了丢了手表的那个女孩吗?

  Mr. Wang lives in a room whose window (=the window of which) opens to the north.

  王先生住在一间窗户北开的屋子里。

  (4)which(指物,作主语或宾语。作宾语时在限制性定语从句中可以省略。)

  Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

  这就是老师昨天提到的那本书。

  注意:(1)关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以放在whom, which之前,也可以放在从句中原来的位置上。但含有介词的短语动词一般不可以拆开,仍在动词之后。关系代词that用做介词宾语时,介词不可以放在that之前。关系代词whose之前一般也不加介词。例如:

  Is he the man (whom) you spoke to yesterday?

  Is he the man to whom you spoke yesterday?

  Is this the book (which) you are looking for?

  (for 不可以提前)

  Is she the girl whose birthday party you went to?

  (to一般不提前)

  (2)关系代词which 在定语从句中作定语,只有在介词之后才常用。例如:

  He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.

  (5)that既可以指人也可以指物。作主语、宾语或者是表语。作宾语或者表语时可以省略。

  Did you see the letter that came yesterday?

  This is the letter (that) Mary wrote to me.

  He is not the man (that) he used to be.

  注意:以下情况下,关系代词指物时,一般用关系代词that 而不用关系代词which。a) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, few, little, much, none等不定代词时。

  b)先行词被形容词最高级、序数词和all, every, no, some, any, little, much等词修饰时。

  c)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等词修饰时

  2)当主语是以who或者which开头的疑问句时,定语从句要用关系代词that,而不能用关系代词which和who(m)来引导。例如:

  Who is the person that is standing under the tree?

  Which of us that knows something about math does not know this?

  3)在定语从句中作表语的关系代词只有that ,而且往往省略。例如:

  She is changed, she is not the girl (that) she was.

  As作关系代词用于such…as, the same…as等结构之中。

  I like such fine cities as Beijing and Qingdao.

  This is the same knife as I lost last week.

  2、  关系副词的用法

  (1)when指时间,作状语,相当于“介词+which”,其先行词常常是表示时间的名词,time, day, morning, week, month, year.等。

  Can you tell me the day when (= on which) he was born?

  注意time作为先行词被序数词或者last修饰时,引导词只能用that, 并可以省略。例如:

  The first time (that) I saw him was in 1999.

  This is the last time (that) I shall gave you a lesson.

  2)where(指地点,作状语,相当于介词+which, 其先行词常是表示地点的名词,如:place, desk, spot, room, house, school, street, town, country 等。)

  This is the house where (= in which) he lived ten years ago.

  3)why(指原因,作状语,相当于“介词+which”。先行词只有reason一个词。Why 只引导限定性定语从句。)

  限定性定语从句与非限定性

  限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别在于,限定性定语从句为先行词不可缺少的定语,省去了则会导致主句意义的不完整,因此不可以将其用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,通常用逗号隔开,例如:

  She is the nurse who looks after the children.

  This letter is from my brother, who is working in a middle school.

  针对性练习

  1. I still remember the day ______ we first met.

  A. which  B. when  C. in which  D. on that

  2.Hangzhou is a city ______ there is a beautiful lake.

  A. which  B. that  C. where  D. there

  3.Hangzhou is a city ______ has a beautiful lake.

  A. that  B. where C. who  D. in which

  4. Where is the window ______ glass is broken?

  A. which  B.that  C. whose  D. its

  5.Is this the factory ______ produces color TV sets.

  A.that  B. in which  C. where  D. by which

参考答案:1-5 BCACA。

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