Unit 26 Mainly revision

扩展资料

The Whale

　　There are lots of animals on the earth. What is the biggest animal of all? The whale is. The blue whales are more than a hundred ton. How heavy is that? Just think of a bus. A bus is about eight metres long, but some blue whales are as long as thirty metres! Though whales are so large, they are a gentle kind of giant. They always live together and help each other. Now we know whales can “talk” to each other in water. And they “speak” like singing birds.

鲸

　　地球上有许许多多的动物。在这诸多的动物当中，什么是最大的动物呢？就是鲸。一只蓝鲸重达一百多吨。那到底有多重呢？想一想客车就知道了。一辆客车大约有八米长，而一些蓝鲸却长达三十米！尽管鲸如此之大．它们却是性情温和的巨畜。它们过着群居的生活，并且互相帮助。现在我们还知道鲸在水中可以互相“交谈”，而且它们“说话”时就像鸣禽。

无比较级的形容词

　　在学习当中，有同学可能会认为所有的形容词都会有比较等级，其实不然。有的形容词的确没有比较等级。下面简单归纳一下：

　　一、表国籍的形容词无比较等级。如：

　　Chinese（中国的）American（美国的）English（英国的）Japanese（日本的）

　　Australian （澳大利亚的）Indian（印度的） Canadian（加拿大的）Hungarian（匈牙利的）Egyptian（埃及的）

　　二、表方位的形容词无比较等级。如：

　　east（东方的）west（西方的）left（左边的）middle（中间的）southeast（东南部的）

　　三、表绝对概念或已达极限的形容词无比较等级。如：

　　blind（瞎的）dead（死的）alone（单独的） hole（整个的）excellent（极好的）

　　四、说明物质材料的形容词无比较级。如：

　　solid（固体的）  plastic（塑料的） wooden （木制的） liquid  (液体的)

　　五、表顺序、数字或时间概念的形容词无比较等级。如。

　　next （下一个）  several （若干的） daily（每日的）

　　六、做表语的表示状态的形容词无比较级。如。

　　alive（活着的）  awake （醒的）asleep（睡着的）

　　此类形容词还有一个特点，就是一般不能用程度副词（very, so）修饰。
如不能说：very dead, so awake。

　　背景知识

　　1. Titanic是指“泰坦尼克”，The Sound of Music为“音乐之声”Star Wars为《星球大战》， Home Alone指《独自在家》，又名《小鬼当家》。

　　2．“泰坦尼克”号轮船是20世纪初建造的世界上最大最豪华的轮船之一，它的设计者欲将之设计成“永不沉没的轮船”，它的首航引起了全世界各个阶级人士的关注和参与，1912年4月10日中午在英国南安普顿启程，在大西洋上航行仅四天后撞冰山而沉没。那是历史上发生的最严重的海难，一千多人因救生艇配备的严重不足而罹难。电影《泰坦尼克》传奇般地再现了这次悲惨的沉船事故和一个凄婉动人的爱情故事。

　　Titanic一词的来源.

　　 Titanic意为"提坦的"源于希腊神话；titanic意为"巨大的;强大的"。天地形成时乌剌诺斯(Uranus)与地母该亚(Gaia)，生下了十二个提坦巨人：Oceanus、Coeus、Crius、Hyperion、
Iapetus、Theia、Rhea、Themis、Mnemosyne、Phoebe、Thetis和Cronus，克洛诺斯(Cronus)和其他提坦巨人一起推翻了乌剌诺斯(Uranus)。后来宙斯打败了提坦巨人.由宙斯对父亲的反叛衍生出Titanic的第一个含义：富有反叛精神的(rebellious)，由宙斯第二次对神祗-巨人的战斗衍生出Titanic的第二个含义：巨大的(colossal)。1912年,以此命名的巨轮沉于海底,电影Titanic(《泰坦尼克》,描写的就是此事.。有外国杂志戏言： If the tears being shed over "Titanic" could be collected in rain clouds, El Nino would have stiff competition.。

　　What is the ship Titanic like?

　　 Titanic was 883 feet long (1/6 of a mile), 92 feet wide and weighed 46,328 tons. She was 104 feet tall. Almost 35 feet of which were below the waterline... even so, she stood taller above the water than most urban buildings of the time. There were three real smokestacks. She was the largest movable object ever made by man. There was a gangway door on the starboard side aft "large enough to drive a horse and cart through." Moreover, she was designed to be a marvel of modern safety technology. She had a double-hull of 1-inch thick steel plates and a (heavily publicized) system of 16 water-tight compartments, sealed by massive doors which could be instantly triggered by a single electric switch on the bridge, or even automatically by electric water-sensors. The press began to call her "unsinkable."

　　 Her accommodations were the most modern and luxurious on any ocean, and included electric light and heat in every room, electric elevators, a swimming pool, a squash court (considered terribly modern), a Turkish Bath, a gymnasium with a mechanical horse and mechanical camel to keep riders fit, and staterooms and first class facilities to rival the best hotels on the Continent. First class passengers would glide down a six-story, glass-domed grand staircase to enjoy haute cuisine in the sumptuous first class dining saloon that filled the width of the ship on D Deck. For those who desired a more intimate atmosphere, Titanic also offered a stately la carte restaurant, the chic Palm Court and Verandah restaurant, and the festive Cafe Parisien. She offered two musical ensembles (rather than the standard one) of the best musicians on the Atlantic, many of them lured from rival liners. There were two libraries, first- and second-class. Even the third class (steerage) cabins were more luxurious than the first class cabins on some lesser steamships, and boasted amenities (like indoor toilet facilities) that some of Titanic's emigrant passengers had not enjoyed in their own homes.

　　The original design called for 32 lifeboats. However, White Star management felt that the boat-deck would look cluttered, and reduced the number to 20, for a total lifeboat capacity of 1178. This actually exceeded the regulations of the time, even though Titanic was capable of carrying over 3500 people (passengers and crew).

　　The voyage

　　Weather was pleasant and clear, and the water temperature was about 55 degrees. The winter of 1912 had been unusually mild, and unprecedented amounts of ice had broken loose from the arctic regions. Titanic was equipped with Marconi’s new wireless telegraph system and her two Marconi operators kept the wireless room running 24 hours a day. On Sunday, April 14, the fifth day at sea, Titanic received five different ice-warnings, but the captain was not overly concerned. The ship steamed ahead at 22 knots, and the line's Managing Director J. Bruce Ismay relished the idea of arriving in New York a day ahead of schedule.
The maiden voyage lured the "very best people:" British nobility, American industrialists, and the very cream of New York and Philadelphia society. It also attracted many poor emigrants, hoping to start a new life in America or Canada.

　　The journey began at Southampton on Wednesday April 10, 1912 at Noon. By sundown, Titanic had stopped in Cherbourg, France to pick up additional passengers. That evening she sailed for Queenstown, Ireland, and at 1:30 PM on Thursday, April 11, she headed out into the Atlantic. The seasoned transatlantic passengers were deeply impressed by the new ship. She was so massive that they barely felt the movement of the sea at all. Her huge, powerful engines produced almost none of the annoying vibration common on other steamers, and their noise was barely perceptible. And she achieved this extraordinary level of comfort while traveling at 22 knots, not the fastest boat on the route, but certainly one of the top five.

　　知识阅读

　　Strange! A ship was found in the sea on Nov. 1, 1957. It was in good order (状况良好).

　　But there was nobody in it. Where were the sailors (水手)? The ship's diary (日记)was written up to the Oct. 28. But again there was nothing in it to tell us why the sailors suddenly left the ship in the middle of the sea.

　　What the sailors were going to do just before they left the ship?

　　1. Some were going to shave (刮胡子) and wash their faces.

　　2. Some were going to sew buttons (钉纽扣) on the shirts or wash clothes or mend(补) shoes.

　　3. Some were going to read or write.

　　4. Some were going to have meals.

　　5. Others were going to play the chess, or listen to the radio or watch TV.

　　(问题思考)

　　1. What was the strange thing in the story?

　　2. What was the date of the ship’s last diary?

　　3. How were the things before the sailors left the ship?

　　构词法小结

　　1）由名词加后缀构成形容词。常见的有以下几种形式：

　　(1) n.+-ful→adj. 如：help→helpful  care→careful  use→useful

　　(2)n. +-y→adj. 如：

　　 health→healthy  luck→plucky  noise→noisy sun→sunny  snow→snowy  rain→grainy

　　(3) n. +-ly→adj. 如： friend→friendly

　　(4) n. + -ern→adj . 如：south→southern west→western

　　(5) n. + -n→adj. 如：

　　America→American  Australia→Australian  Canada→Canadian

　　(6) n. + -ous→adj. 如：dangers-→dangerous

　　2)由动词加后缀构成名词。常见的有以下几种形式：

　　(1) v. +-er→n. 如：play→player  work→worker

　　(2) v. +-or→n. 如：visit→visitor  invent→inventor(发明者)

　　(3) v. +-tion→n. 如：operated→operation  invent→invention(发明)

　　(4) v. +-ing→n. 如：builds→building  wash→washing

　　3）由形容词加后缀构成副词。常见的有：

　　①一般在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如：careful→carefully  slow→slowly

　　②以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加-ly。如：

　　happy→happily  luck→luckily  easy→easily  heavy→heavily

　　③以辅音加-le结尾的词，去e加y构成副词。如：terrible→terribly

　　④以元音加-se结尾的形容词，去e加-ly构成副词。如：true→truly

　　4）由两个词合成一个合成词，常见的有以下几种形式：

　　①名词+名词→新名词  如：class + room→classroom  home + work→-homework

　　③副词+现在分词→形容词  如：hard + working→hard-working

　　③介词+名词→名词  如：after + noon→afternoon

　　④动词+名词→名词  如：play + ground→playground

　　⑤形容词+副词→副词  如：every + where→everywhere

　　⑥形容词+代词→代词  如：every + one→everyone

　　⑦形容词+名词→代词  如：some + thing→something  any + body→anybody

How to write a Note for Asking for Leave

　　请假条是我们日常生活中常用的应用文之一。那么，怎样用英语来写请假条呢？

　　一、格式

Date（日期） Salutation（称呼） Body（正文） _____________________________ _________________________________ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　Signature（署名）

　　二、注意事项：

　　l．请假条是用来向老师或单位领导等上级传达某人的请假信息。其格式见上表格。日期部分一般包括年、月、日，大多数情况下年可省去，因为请假条的内容多半是当日或近日的事情。称呼通常以Dear…开头，要顶格书写。正文内容要简短扼要，用语比较通俗，接近日语化。

　　2．写请假条时，一定要把请假的理由和时间长短写清楚，以便于上级领导作决定或安排工作。

　　三、常用句型：

　　1. I’m sorry I can’t…today because…．很抱歉，因为我……所以今天不能……。

　　2. I’m writing to ask a leave of…days．我写此条是想请……天假。

　　3. Please excuse my absence from…today．请原谅我今天不能来……。

　　4. Because of this I should very much like to have a leave…days beginning on…。因为此事，我非常想请……天假，从……（号）开始。

　　5. I’m writing to let you know I shall not be able to…because of…. 我写此条是想告诉你我将不能……因为……。

　　6. I shall be very much obliged if you grant me my request．如果你同意我请假，我将十分感激。

　　7. I hope that my request will be given due consideration．我希望你能考虑我的请求。

　　四、典型范文：

　　1. Asking for Sick Leave（请病假）

April 20th, 2002　 　　Dear Mr. Li, 　　I am having a bad cold and can’t come to class. I’m writing to ask for sick leave of three days. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Your student Li Yang

　　2. Asking for Business Leave（请事假）

April 19th, 2002　 　　Dear Miss Yang, 　　Will you kindly excuse my absence from school today? My mother is badly ill this morning and I should send her to hospital at once. I shall be much obliged if you grant my request. Yours,　　 Zhu Wenting

怎样写留言条

　　留言条属于一般书信，是最简便的、不通过邮局寄书信。它通常是在有事找别人，别人却不在，自己又不便久等的情况下使用，因此日期从简，只须在信笺的右上角标明日期或星期几或上下午几点钟就可，也可视情况而不写。如：

May 4　　　

　　Dear Mr. Li,

　　We are going to have a Youth Day party in our classroom at 8:30 pm. All of our classmates hope you can join us. This afternoon, I called on you at about 2:40. It happened that you were not at home. So I left this note for you. Would you please come at 8:00 this evening? You are sure to be warmly welcomed.

Yours faithfully,　　

Zhang Hong　　　

　　配套练习：

　　假如你叫陈成，Mr. Smith是你们的英语老师。星期六下午五点半你去他家找他，碰巧他不在。请你给他留一便条，内容包括：1. 你们班打算明天上午去人民公园游玩，想邀请他一起去；2. 明天上午七点钟在校门口集合，然后乘公共汽车去。下午四点返回。3. 若不能去，请加电话。4. 词数60左右。

　　One possible version:

5:30p.m. Sat.

　　Dear Mr. Smith,

　　I'm here in your home to invite you to join us in our picnic, but you happened to be out.
So I have to write you the note.

　　Our class are going to visit the People's Park tomorrow. Well meet at the school gate at 7:00 am. We’ll go there by bus and come back at 4:00 pm.

　　If you can’t go with us, please telephone me.

Yours,

Chen Cheng

Titanic  泰坦尼克

　　电影《泰坦尼克》在全世界引起轰动，这部影片耗资2亿美元．是好莱坞最昂贵的电影。同时也创造了历史上最高票房记录，达5亿美元。

　　电影《泰坦尼克》长达3小时14分钟，比真船下沉的时间还长34分钟。这部电影题材取自真正的历史惨剧。1912年4月10日，在当时号称“永不沉没”的“秦坦尼克”号巨轮上，载着2200名乘客，从英国南安普敦港（Southampton）首航纽约。4月15日，在距加拿大纽芬兰（Newfoundland）400英里的地方撞在冰川上，使“永不沉没”的船沉没。结果1205人丧生。1985年9月1日．在4000米深处的海底发现了被折为两截的“秦坦尼克”号。据美国科学家蒂莫西·福克的研究称，造船用的铆钉使用了劣质钢材是“泰坦尼克”号豪华游轮沉没的罪魁祸首。

　　电影《秦坦尼克》成功地再现了这一历史惨剧。该剧男主角杰克由莱昂那多·迪卡普里奥成功持演，但他未获奥斯卡奖。女主角罗丝由凯特·温丝莉特持演，并获得奥斯卡影后提名。

巧记“某国人”名词复数

　　复数词形不难记，中日友谊是一致^①。

　　英法联盟a变e^②, 其余一律加s^③。

　　注意：①Chinese和Japanese的单复数同形。

　　②Englishman和Frenchman的复数形式分别是Englishmen和Frenchmen.

　　③除以上两种情况外，其他表示某国人的名词变复数形式时均应加“s”。如：German（德国人）→Germans, Russian→Russians.

The Ways of Study

　　The best time for reading is morning, because in the morning the air is fresh and the mind is clean. In study we must have patience (耐心). If we do not know a text well, we must read it again. When we are studying, we must put our hearts into (全神贯注于) the books, or we can get nothing from the book while we are reading. We must always ask “why”. If we cannot understand, write it down and ask our teacher, parents, or friends. Thought（虽然）there are many ways(方法) for studying, the above (上面) mentioned(提到的) will be enough if we can keep them in heart (把它们记在心里) and do so.

A Little Push

　　It is a spring afternoon. A man gets off the bus, and Sam, the bus driver, drives on. Soon the bus comes to the next stop. An old man gets on it.

　　“This boy will give you his seat,” Sam says to the old man. But the boy in the front seat does not move when the old man goes up to him. Sam looks at him. Then he says again to the old man in a louder voice, “This boy will be glad to give you his seat!”

　　This time the boy hears it. His face goes red. He gets up at once. Then the old man sits down and says to the boy, “Thank you, my boy.”

　　“Most people want to be nice,” Sam tells the old man, “they just forget that. Sometimes they need a little push (推动) .I'm glad to give them such a push once in a while.”

　　Animal World

　　你喜欢动物吗？你知道下面这些动物的生活习性吗？做一做，判断下面的说法哪句是真（T），哪句是（F）。

　　1. A whale(鲸) is an animal that lives in water and breathes with its lungs (肺).

　　2. Fish generally live in water and are cold-blooded. Therefore whales are cold-blooded, too.

　　3. Crocodiles(鳄鱼)weep with regretful tears (流悔恨的眼泪)when they eat something.

　　4. Crocodiles are particularly excited by the colour red.

　　5. Bulls (公牛) are also particularly excited by the colour red.

　　6. People say bats (蝙蝠) are blind.

　　7. Dolphins (海豚) can swim forward at 50 metres a second white they are asleep.

　　8. Only the female mosquito (雌蚊) bites you.

　　9. If you cut an earthworm (蚯蚓) in two, each half will become a new one.

　　Keys: 1-5 TFFTT  6-9 FTTF

北美国家的电视、电影业

　　电视（TV）：电视业在北美极为发达。

　　以美国某地为例，那儿不但有不用付费、人人都可收看的公共电视频道（channel），还有一级付费电视频道，二级付费电视频道等。

　　而加拿大电视多为美国电视节目。你要想在加拿大看上好的电视剧（TV play）或故事片，得等到晚上十点或午夜后才行。在此之前，电视上多为平庸的滑稽肥皂剧（soap opera）。广告之多也令人厌烦。如想摆脱广告纠缠可另行付费，即看“付费电视”（pay TV）。

　　电影（Film）：北美电影生意总是不太令人满意。要看电视可随时买票。你可随时进入影院任意就坐。不想看，可站起身就走。大学学生周末可免费观看电影。有些大学设有电影图书馆（film library），可供学生看各种影片、电视录像，但多为历史或资料类的教学片。

　　娱乐空间

Do—Re—Mi

　　Let's start at the very beginning,

　　A very good place to start.

　　When you read you begin with ABC.

　　When you sing you begin with Do Re Mi.

　　Do Re Mi, the first three notes just happen to be.

　　Do Re Mi, Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti.

　　Let's see if I can make it easier.

　　Doe, a deer, a female deer,

　　Ray, a drop of golden sun.

　　Me, a name I call myself.

　　Far, a long, long way to run.

　　Sew, a needle pulling thread.

　　La, a note to follow Sew.

　　Tea, a drink with jam and bread.

　　That will bring us back to Doe -Oh oh

　　Do Re Mi .Fa So La Ti Do! So Do!

　　让我们从头开始学，

　　有个好开头，

　　读书从何起？ABC。

　　唱歌就从Do Re Mi开始。

　　Do Re Mi恰是开始三个音。

　　Do Re Mi, Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti.

　　（我们看看能不能容易些。）

　　Doe是一只小母鹿，

　　Ray是一束金色的阳光。

　　Me用来称呼我自己，

　　Far是道路远又长，

　　Sew是穿针又引线，

　　La是音符跟着Sew，

　　Tea是饮料与茶点，

　　然后我们回到Do。

　　Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti Do! So Do!

　　Saving Rose

　　JACK: Don't do it.

　　She whips her head around at the sound of his voice. It takes a second for her eyes to focus.

　　ROSE: Stay back! Don't come any closer!

　　Jack sees the tear tracks on her cheeks in the faint glow from the stern running lights.

　　JACK: Take my hand. I'll pull you back in.

　　ROSE: No! Stay where you are. I mean it. I'll let go.

　　JACK: No you won't.

　　ROSE: What do you mean no I won't? Don't presume to tell me what I will and will not do. You don't know me.

　　JACK: You would have done it already. Now come on, take my hand. Rose is confused now. She can't see him very well through the tears, so she wipes them with one hand, almost losing her balance.

　　ROSE: You're distracting me. Go away.

　　JACK: I can't. I'm involved now. If you let go I have to jump in after you.

　　ROSE: Don't be absurd. You'll be killed. He takes off his jacket.

　　JACK: I'm a good swimmer. He starts unlacing his left shoe. ROSE: The fall alone would kill you.

　　JACK: It would hurt. I'm not saying it wouldn't. To tell the truth, I'm a lot more concerned about the water being so cold. She looks down. The reality factor of what she is doing is sinking in.

　　Compliments to Jack

　　ROSE：Mr. Dawson, I--

　　JACK: Jack.

　　ROSE: Jack... I feel like such an idiot. It took me all morning to get up the nerve to face you.

　　JACK: Well, here you are.

　　ROSE: Here I am. I... I want to thank you for what you did. Not just for... for pulling me back. But for your discretion.

　　JACK: You're welcome. Rose.

　　ROSE: Look, I know what you must be thinking! Poor little rich girl. What does she know about misery?

　　JACK: That's not what I was thinking. What I was thinking was... what could have happened to hurt this girl so much she though she had no way out.

　　ROSE: I don't... it wasn't just one thing. It was everything. It was them, it was their whole world. And I was trapped in it, like an insect in amber.(in a rush) I just had to get away... just run and run and run... and then I was at the back rail and there was no more ship... even the Titanic wasn't big enough. Not enough to get away from them. And before I'd really though about it, I was over the rail. I was so furious. I'll show them. They'll be sorry!

　　JACK: Uh huh. They'll be sorry. 'Course you'll be dead.

　　ROSE: (she lowers her head) Oh God, I am such an utter fool.

　　JACK: That penguin last night, is he one of them?

　　ROSE: Penguin? Oh, Cal! He is them.

　　JACK: Is he your boyfriend?

　　ROSE: Worse I'm afraid. She shows him her engagement ring. A sizable diamond.

　　JACK: Gawd look at that thing! You would have gone straight to the bottom. They laugh together. A passing steward scowls at Jack, who is clearly not a first class passenger, but Rose just glares at him away.

　　JACK: So you feel like you're stuck on a train you can't get off 'cause you're marryin' this fella.

　　ROSE: Yes, exactly!

　　JACK: So don't marry him.

　　ROSE: If only it were that simple.

　　JACK: It is that simple.

　　ROSE: Oh, Jack... please don't judge me until you've seen my world.

　　JACK: Well, I guess I will tonight. Looking for another topic, any other topic, she indicates his sketchbook.

　　Dating at the Bell Tower

　　ROSE: Jack, this is impossible. I can't see you.

　　JACK: I need to talk to you.

　　ROSE: No, Jack, no. I am engaged. I'll marry Cal. I love Cal.

　　JACK: Rose, you're no picnic... you're a spoiled brat even, but under that you're a strong, pure heart, and you're the most amazing astounding girl I've ever known and--

　　ROSE: Jack I--

　　JACK: No wait. Let me try to get this out. You're amazing... and I know I have nothing to offer you, Rose. I know that. But I'm involved now. You jump, I jump, remember? I can't turn away without knowin' you're going to be all right.

　　ROSE: You're making this very hard. I'll be fine. Really.

　　JACK: I don't think so. They've got you in a glass jar like some butterfly, and you're goin' to die it you don't break out. Maybe not right away, 'cause you're strong. But sooner or later the fire in you is goin' to go out.

　　ROSE: It's not up to you to save me, Jack.

　　JACK: You're right. Only you can do that.

　　ROSE: I have to go back, they'll miss me. Please, Jack, for both our sakes, leave me alone.

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