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Unit 4 Green world

Reading

Step One Lead-in

What are the flowers in the pictures?

What uses do you know about them?

Step Two Pre-reading & listening

Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?

Carl Linnaeus developed a new system to classify the plant species.

Step Three Skimming1.When did botany become a special science?2. How was plant species classified before the work of Carl Linnaeus?

After the eighteenth century.

Plants are classified into herbs and trees, according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.

3. What is the difference between Linnaeus’ system and that of the other scientists?4. Was Daniel Solander a member of the Royal Society?

In Linnaeus’ system, the identification of different species was based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers, while the other scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.

No, he wasn’t.

5. What did Joseph Banks do on the three-year voyage?6. What was the relationship among the three persons? 

On their three-year voyage, Joseph Banks did not only study and describe new plants he found, he also looked out for new economic species and became the first to move crops from one continent to another on a large scale.

Daniel Solander was the student of Linnaeus and a lifelong friend of Joseph Banks.

Step Four Post-reading

1.Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?How much did he pay?

Because botany was a new field of science, the government would not pay for it. He paid about 10,000 pounds.

2.How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?How did Linnaeus do this?

Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the plant, or whether they had flowers or not. Linnaeus grouped plants in families. In his system the identification of different species was based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.

3.Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?

Because his work was a breakthrough in botany.His idea of grouping plants in families was unique .Before him other scientists tried to give each species two names, but names were not truly fixed and accepted.

Language points

in reading

Usage of some words and phrases:

1.make attempt to do

He made no attempt to take a medical degree.

We failed in our attempt to climb the mountain.

2.classify …into…

Children in school are classified into grades.

Eggs are classified according to size.

People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books.

3.group

We can group animals into several types.

Group together in two.

4.The young army officer was promoted captain.

The company are promoting this new type of toothbrush on television.

5.He carries identification with him at all times when he is out.

6.He works to promote the friendship between the two countries.

7.They fight against privilege in order to create a fair society.

8.He was appointed minister to a foreign country.

9.the work of reforming industry carried out in all provinces on a large scale.

10. Did he calculate the cost?

I calculated that we would arrive at 6:00 pm.

11.have an appetite for

I have an appetite for classical music.

The enemy had no appetite for the fight.

12.on a large scale

Beijing is beautiful on a large scale to greet the coming Olympics.

13.involve in

Don’t involve me in your quarrel.

They are deeply involved in debt.7.abandoned

The abandoned house was torn down.

The case involved several officials.

Grammar : Review Object

1.used as an object

noun, pronoun, to do, v-ing form ,

the＋ adjective , object clause

2.position

Comes after a transitive verb or a preposition

Try to find the object in each sentence

1.I consider it my duty to help you.

Here ‘it’ is used as the formal object and the infinitive ‘to help you’ is the real object.

2.she will buy me a birthday present.

3.I found his report interesting.

4.I’m considering changing my job.

5.He decided to go abroad for further study.

‘me’ is the indirect object and ‘a birthday present’is the direct object.

‘his report’ is the object and ‘interesting’is the object complement.

‘changing my job’is the object.

The object is ‘to go abroad’

6.She said that she was sick that day.

V+Oi+Od

give , lend, bring, fetch, take ,pass, send,ask ,write, tell, show, teach, make ,buy

V+V-ing

consider, delay, admit, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, practise, miss, require, suggest, avoid, keep, advise

V+ to do

agree, ask, choose, hope, demand, expect, manage, offer, plan,promise, pretend, refuse, wish, fail, afford, determine

‘that she was sick that day’ is an object clause.

V+v- ing / to do the same meaning

continue , like, love, begin, start, attempt, hate,

different meanings

forget, remember, regret, try, stop, need, mean, want

Fill in each blank using the correct verb form.

1.Xiao Li is used to ____ (do) the work.

2.Scientists have found ways to prevent air from_____________ (pollute)

3.Missing the bus means ______ (walk) home.

4.He forgot________ (hand) the manager his business card so he handed him another one.

5.Tom’s parents don’t allow Tom __________ (go)swimming.

doing

being polluted

walking

handing

to go

6.I can’t help_______ (paint) the wall, for I’ve got a lot of work to do.

7.She failed________ (buy) a film ticket.

8.I don’t think it easy for him________ (answer)the question.

9.Betty didn’t expect___________ (treat) like that.

10.I can’t but______ (ask) ________(give) another chance.

paint

to buy

to answer

to be treated

ask

to be given

Choose the best answer

1.I found____necessary for a middle school student to master at least a foreign language.

A. that B. very C. it D. no

2.They felt it a pity____ able to help us in time .

A. it not B. not to be

C. not being D. are not

3.I think it better _____ her the truth.

A. you should tell B. for you to tell

C.of you to tell D. your telling

4.She asked ______ a room.

A.given B.to be given C.giving

C

B

C

B

5. He went to the ball without _____.

A.invited B. being invited C.inviting

6.No one likes _____at public.

A. laughing B.being laughed C,laughed

7. This factory is quite different from _____

before.

A. what it was B. that it was

C.which it was D. what was it

8. I’ll give this book to ____ wants to have it.

A. whomever B.whoever

C.no matter whom D.whatever

B

B

A

B

Skimming Main ideas for each part： Part I (Paragraphs 1-3): Darwin and his research. Part II (Paragraphs 4-5): Mendel and his experiment.

Part III (Paragraph 6):

Turesson and his study.

Part IV (Paragraph 7):

The importance and significance of the research of the three.

Read the passage and find out the answers: