Unit 21 Who gets the money?
(一) 考点
1. 交际用语
例析 :2001年单项填空
21. -- Good morning , Grand
Hotel . 0.509
-- Hello , I’d like to book a room
for the nights of the 18th and 19
th .
-- _______
A. What can I do for you ? B. Just
a minute, please.
C. What' s the matter? D.
At your service.
答案 :B 难度 :0.462
测试语言点 :(在特定特地感语境中运用得体语言实现交际的能力。)查找资料时,请人稍侯的用语。
要吸取的经验 :多听 ,多背诵对话 ,才能熟悉日常交际用语。
2. 动词时态
例析 :2001年单项填空
24. Selecting a mobile phone for
personal use is no easy task because
technology _________so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will
change
答案 :A 难度 :0.57
测试语言点 :动词时态的实际应用 。
要吸取的经验 :时态在实际应用中才能学会。
试题详析 :is changing 表示“目前正在变化之中”,has
changed表示“目前已经有了变化,与从前不同了”,will have
changed表示“预计将来某个时候会发生变化,产生不同的结果”,will
change表示“将来某个时候会有变化,但是变化结果 ,尚未可知 。”仅仅用汉语讲解是不行的。请仔细对照此题与下列句子的不同含义
:
Nowadays selecting a mobile phone
for personal use like the one I’m used
to is far more difficult than in my
days ; you see , there are so many new
models that it is impossible for an
old man like myself to tell which is
more like the one I’m familiar with
or which is better than which ;
technology has changed and I’m
too old to get used to so many new things
.
I don’t want to spend so much money
on such a mobile phone . An ordinary
one will do .And I’m sure in a few months
much better and more advanced models
will be produced.Technology will
change and production cost will
be reduced ; a mobile phone will be
as cheap and popular as an ordinary
phone today .
By the year of 2008 when Olympic Games
are to be held in Beijing , mobile phone
production technology will have changed
so rapidly and so greatly that those
tiny things for personal use will cost
less than half of the price we have
to pay today . That’s why I don’t want
to give away this old one of mine .
I’m waiting for the time when the mobile
phone in my hand will be one of the
most advanced models in the world .
3. 各种代词
例析 :2001年单项填空
25. The Parkers bought a new house
but ________ will need a lot of work
before they can move in .
A. they B. it C.
one D. which
答案 :B 难度 :0.70
测试语言点 :每个代词究竟“代表”什么?完全要看具体内容和语境。
这里的it指a new house , 当然是单数了。
要吸取的经验 :此题不太难。但是,仍然有必要使用未被选中的三个代词进行造句训练
。英语能力是“练”出来的,不是“讲”出来的。
请看下面这几句话:
The Parkers bought two houses , one
of which was completed only a
few weeks ago .
They are both modern ones
; but one is far better and much more
expensive than the other .
4. 比较级句型
例析 :2001年单项填空
28. It is generally believed that
teaching is _________ it is a science.
A. an art much as
B. much an art as
C. as an art much as
D. as much an art as
答案 :D 难度 :0.487
测试语言点 :表示程度相当的词组。
要吸取的经验:
此题不难。三个错误选项的语感生疏,十分明显。只要回忆一下你学过的词组,便可选中。语感培养的基础是经验,经验的积累来自足够数量的实践。
试题详析:
此题It is generally believed that
teaching is as much an art as
it is a science.
可改写为It is generally believed
that teaching is an art as well
as a science(a branch
of science called education)(a science
called educational science.).
或者改写为It is generally believed
that teaching is both an art and
a science.
改写是英语使用能力培养的最佳手段 。
(二)重点
1. 从句
例析 :2001年单项填空
22. The film brought the hour back
to me ________ I was taken good care
of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that
C. when D.
where
答案 :C 难度 :0.60
测试语言点 : 触景生情,回顾往事的用语 。它并不完全符合单纯的定语从句的语法规则。要具备
“一目三词,两目一句(一行)”的扫描快速阅读能力,才能抓住关键词语the
hour和C. when 的关系。
要吸取的经验 :此类表达形式 ,要在大量的听读活动中逐渐学会
。
试翻译背默此句,并试用未被选中的那三个单词 ,造句若干 ,表达与此句相似或者相关的内容,作为巩固练习
:如 :
The film brought me back to my childhood
in that far-away village until
my thought was stopped by a touch on
my shoulder .
The film brought back to me something
that I can never forget in that
far-away village , where I was
taken good care of in my unforgettable
childhood .
2. 动词非谓语形式
例析 :2001年单项填空
23. As we joined the big crowd I
got _________ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared
C. lost D.
missed
答案 :A 难度 :0.56
测试语言点 :get+过去分词,表示一种状态。在这里表示“客观所迫”“不得不”,有时还表示“设法或者努力做到”的意思。get
seperated表示:原来在一起,后来分开了。:get spared表示
:被…放过 ,幸免 。get lost 表示 :迷失方向 。get missed表示:
人们找不到了。如 :
To the rescuers’ great surprise ,
half an hour after the air crash , they
found that of all the 119 passengers
and crew members only a 3-year-old baby
got spared , tightly held in
the arms of his dead mother .
Strangers often get lost in
this neighbourhood where there are so
many buildings of the same type , the
same size and the same colour .
An extremely valuable exhibit is said
to have got missed from the main
hall on the first day of the exhibition
.
要吸取的经验 :这里虽然只是一个句子 ,也有“上下文”。上文的意思是
:“我们几个朋友与一大群人汇合的时候 ,”故而下文自然是:“我因为拥挤而与这几个朋友分手了。”我们彼此都知道彼此的下落
,因此,谈不上“lost”或者“missed”,更没有需要被“spared”的问题
。由此可见 ,高考复习必须“语篇化”。单个句子是语篇的一部分,有时还是语篇的“缩影”。
3. 情态动词
例析 :2001年单项填空
33. I was really anxious about you
. You __________ home without a word
.
A. mustn’ t leave B. shouldn’t
have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t
leave
答案 :B 难度 :0.66
测试语言点 :情态动词的否定形式,完成形式的应用。
要吸取的经验 :
学习情态动词的否定形式,和完成形式,要注意准确翻译它们的词义。
如:mustn’t leave “绝对不要离开”,shouldn’t have
left “本来不应该离开”,couldn’t have left “当时不可能已经离开,”needn’t
leave“现在没有必要离开。”此题的上文 :我当时非常为你着急。下文则自然是
:你当时本来不应该一句话不说便离家出走。
例句:
I was really anxious about you . You
_shouldn’t have left_
home without a word .
You needn’t have been so anxious
about her . I was sure she _couldn’t
have left__ home without a word
. She must have been in such
a great hurry that she had no time to
pin any note on the door .
I am really angry about your plan to
go abroad without your mother’s permission
. You _mustn’t leave_
home without a word . You must have
a heart-to-heart talk with your dear
and near before you make any big decision
.
I am really unhappy about what you’re
going to do . You _needn’t leave__
home without a word . Just let us know
whenever and wherever you go . We’re
your parents after all .
(三)难点
1. 词组动词
例析 :2001年单项填空
26. We didn’t plan our art exhibition
like that but it ________ very well.
A.worked out B. tried out C.
went on D. carried
on
答案 :A 难度 :0.13
测试语言点 :词组动词的实际应用 。
试题详析 :
高考的主要依据是高考“词汇表”,该表只有英语单词
,没有任何汉语词义 。这说明:该“词汇表”所列每个单词究竟有几种词义,几种用法,“根本没有限制。”高中英语课本并不是高考的依据,因此,此题必然难倒众多考生。他们手头的“英汉对照词汇表”指出work
out的词义是“算出”和“解决”,与此题无干。结果,只好,在C和D中任选一个。二者都有“继续”(continue)的意思。故肯定不能选。剩下的try
out表示“实验”的意思,则更加与此题无干。那么,使用“排除法”便可选中A了。当然,真正完成好此题,仍然要依靠“上下文”;这句话的上文是
: 我们本来并不是那样安排这个展览会的,暗指原来规模较小,…下文是 :结果…进行得非常好,出乎意料。这使人联想起turn
out一词,其词义为“结果,出乎意料,竟然是…”。它与work out一样都跟out搭配,便可“猜测,推测”
work out与turn out词义相同 。最后,还是要看几个句子,才能“心中有底。”
※I hoped that our firm would join up
with one of the largest companies of
the country .
But it doesn’t seem to be working
out that way .
※※--- I wonder if you can work out
this problem .
--- I shan’t know until you try
me out .
※※※Please carry on as usual while
I listen to the class .
※※※※I want to go on being a teenager
, because I am enjoying every minute
of it .
要吸取的经验 :
考生们手头的“英汉对照词汇表”到了21世纪仍然在害人。千万不要背记“英汉对照词汇表”
。高考复习一定要立足“语篇”。
误选C. went on :44.2%
误选 D. carried on :35.2%
2. 冠词
例析 :2001年单项填空
29. The warmth of ________ sweater
will of course be determined by the
sort of _______ wool used .
A. the ; the B. the ;
不填 C. 不填; the D.
不填 ; 不填
答案 :B 难度 :0.36
测试语言点 :冠词用法。
要吸取的经验 :
冠词的应用能力,只能在实践中获取。冠词使用的理论规则只有一句话
:使用the表示“特指”,使用a , an 或者不使用任何冠词均表示“泛指”。“毛衣”自然是指“这件”。所用“毛料”似乎并非是指“一般毛料,”
但是,the (a)sort [sorts] of wool与 the(a)kind
[kinds] of book ,the(a)type[types]of
car ,等等词组后面都跟名词单数不加任何冠词。还有,乐器,球类 ,山川,国名等都有固定的冠词用法规则可循。实践---经验---语感是学习冠词的唯一胜利之路。
(四)误(疑)点
1. 介词
例析 :2001年单项填空
27. The home improvements have taken
what little there is _______ my spare
time.
A. from B. in
C. of D. at
答案 :C 难度 :0.23
测试语言点 :名词短语,名词从句与介词的搭配。
要吸取的经验 :
名词短语,名词从句与介词无论怎样搭配,它们与个体名词一样,都是一个单位,“一个整体。”这就是本书所述的“四化”之一-----“整体化。”
试题详析 :
这句话的意思是 :改善家居状况(装修,布置等等)耗费了我仅有的一点点业余时间。所以,“仅有的一点点”(what
little there is)是“我的业余时间”(my spare time)的“一部分”(part),故而,what
little there is可延长为what little time
there is ,也可缩短为the remaining little
time 或者small part。显然,选of是对的。这样,此题The
home improvements have taken what little
there is __of__ my spare
time.可以改写为The home improvements have
taken the remaining little time(small
part)__of__ my spare time.。of的意思有时等于from
,但是在这里of仅仅表示部分(what little there is
)与整体(my spare time)的关系,它的双重词义是:“…的”以及“从…之中夺取”的;因此,of和from二者词义在这里是不同的。至于in
和at ,都与本题内容无干。
误选A. from :14.5%
误选 D. at :12.2%
误选B. in :50.3%
2. 关联词语
例析 :2001年单项填空
34. __________ is known to everybody,
the moon travels round the earth once
every month .
A. It
B. As C.
That
D. What
答案 :B 难度 :0.52
测试语言点 :As is…的用法 ,及其与it,
that, what用法的区别。
要吸取的经验 :
as is known … , it is known …
, that is known , what is known …显然都是书面英语。这四个词,都可以用在此题
,表达大同小异的句义 :As_ is
known to everybody, the moon travels
round the earth once every month . It
is known to everybody that
the moon travels round the earth
once every month . The moon travels
round the earth once every month . That_is
known to everybody . What_is
known to everybody is(the fact) that
the moon travels round the earth
once every month .
3. 逻辑关系
例析 :2001年单项填空
35. __________ such heavy pollution
already , it may now be too late to
clean up the river .
A. Having suffered B.
Suffering C.
To suffer D.
Suffered
答案 :A 难度 :0.55
测试语言点 :动词的现在分词作为状语,表达因果关系的不同层次。
要吸取的经验 :
要依据上下文选词填空。上文: such heavy pollution
already ,遭受如此严重污染 ,下文 : it may now be
too late to clean up the river .结果清理河道为时已晚。不过,这里是下文决定上文;既然清理河道为时已晚,那么其原因必然是“已经”严重污染到不可挽回的地步了。所以,选B.
Suffering表示现在正在受到污染,其层次不够,C. To suffer表示目的,D.
Suffered仅仅可作谓语,都不对。
※ 本书作者的一点看法:
此题有语病。按照“托福考试”(TOEFL)要求,应视为“修饰语不合逻辑”
(Illogical modifiers)。
下面的一对句子选在自1979年的“BARRON’S HOW
TO PREPARE FOR THE TOEFL”一书(p.80):
Incorrect : Having been delayed by heavy traffic , it was not possible for her to arrive on time .
Correct : Having been delayed by heavy traffic , she arrived late .
这个句子是1994年1月“托福考试”第32题,与上述错误相似。
Judging to be the best boxer of his time , Sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3
A B C
out of 137 fights.
D
※※此题的正确命题似乎应该是这样:
35. __________ such heavy pollution
already , the river is no longer
what it used to be .
And the City Council concludes
that it may now be too late to clean
it up .
A. Having suffered B.
Suffering C.
To suffer D.
Suffered