Unit 14 Roots
教学教法:高三下学期,教师按部就班的讲课文是不现实的。但高三下册书里却有很多精彩的文章及词汇,舍弃又未免可惜。把课文当作听力来上,即锻炼了听力,又培养了语感。如果听力与写作结合,学生的进步会更快。
写作可以练习听后写大意(main idea),写相关内容的文章。对于精彩段落,还可以练习听写整个段落。
词语辨析:
1.the moment
the moment作连词时和as soon as用法相当,用来引出一个时间状语从句。如:
I recognized Jack the moment he appeared
in the street. 杰克在街上一露面,我就认出来了。
The moment (that) he said it he knew
what a mistake he had made. 他一开口说那事,就知道自己犯了什么样的错误。
类似的名词除the moment 外, 如the minute,the
second也可作连词用。在英国英语中 immediately也可作连词用,和as
soon as用法一样。如:
I’ll tell him the minute (that) he gets
here. 他一到达那儿,我就告诉他。
I left immediately the clock struck
twelve. 钟一敲十二点我就离开了。
Please let me know immediately you get
the results. 你一得到结果,请立即告诉我。
2.for和because的区别
for 和because都表示原因,但because是从属连词,连接原因状语从句,表示直接的,根本的理由;for是并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示附加的推断的理由。如:
The light went out, because the oil
was out. 因为油用完了,所以灯灭了。(直接的原因)
The oil must be out, for the light went
out. 油想必用完了,因为灯灭了。(推断的理由)
3. be + to – v 常用来表示不可避免要发生的事,注定后来要发生的事。
They said goodbye, not knowing that
they were never to meet again.
他们互相告别,不知道永远不可能再见面了。
The worst is still to come. 最严重的事情注定要发生的。
be + to-v 还常表示计划、打算或安排好做某事,应该或不应该做某事以及能不能做某事。如:
That book of yours is to appear next
month. (= That book of yours is going
to appear next month. )
你那本书将于下月出版。
You are not to smoke in the offices.
(== You should not smoke in the offices.
) 你们不得在办公室吸烟。
What am I to do? ( = What should I /can
I do?) 我该怎么办?
4.if only引起的句子表示一种难以实现的愿望,句子谓语要用虚拟语气。如:
It only he had had more courage! 要是他更勇敢些就好了!
If only she didn’t drive so fast! 但愿她开车不要太快!
If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停下来就好了!
5.make up one's mind, decide, determine
l)make up one's mini“决心;认定”,后接不定式或that从句,mind随人称而变化。如:
We've made up our minds to devote our
lives to serving the people heart and
soul.
2)decide指经过考虑或讨论研究作出决定,后接不定式,介词 on/up
on或从句。如:
He decided on taking the position at
the bank. ==He decided to take the position
at the bank.
3)determine“决心、坚决”,侧重表示决心已下定,任何力量都动摇不了这种决心。其后常接不定式,也可接on/upon
+ ing。如:
His mother has determined to give him
a chance.
6.seize,take,grasp,arrest
1)seize“抓住”有猛然抓住并不脱手之意。如:
The policeman seized the thief by the
collar.
2)take“抓住”,属一般用语。如:
He took his girl friend by the arm.
3)grasp“抓住,抓紧;抱住;理解,领会”。如:
Grasp the rope and I'll pull you up.
I didn't quite grasp your meaning
4)arrest侧重于“逮捕;扣留;防止。”如:
He was arrested In suspicion of having
murdered the girl.
This newly developed drug has arrested
his cancer.
7.give out, give away, give back, give
forth, give in, give off, give over, give
up
(l)give out放出、发生;宣称,公布,发表;分配,分发;用完,耗尽;精疲力竭。如:
The nurse's patience at last gave out.
(2)give away赠送;出卖;泄露/give back归还;返射/give
forth放出,发出(声音,气味等);发表,公布give in投降;屈服,让步;交上/give
off发出(蒸气、光、烟等)/give over移交,交托/give up让给;放弃,抛弃。
8. Once on the boat, they were taken
below and their chains were fixed to bars
that ran the length of the ship.
run在这里为引申含义,作“扩展,延伸”解。如:
The road runs along the river. 那条道路沿着河流延伸。
The shelves run round the wall. 书架绕墙而立。
9.All he knew was that his African ancestor
taught his son and grandson the words
in his own language for "river"
and "guitar".
这是一个主从复合句。All the knew是主语,其中all后省略了关系代词that,he
knew是定活从句。连词that后引导一个表语从句。
He can do all he could to help me. 他会尽其所能来帮助我。
(all that he could中的all that 可省略)