Unit 9 Gymnastics

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Li Ning

　　Li Ning is the quintessential Chinese gymnast, displaying incredible talent and uncertain competitive consistency. In 1981, he made his world championships debut, finishing sixth overall. After winning six gold medals (including the all-around) at the 1982 World Cup, Li Ning played a key role in helping the Chinese men win their first world team title a year later. He then won three gold medals at the 1984 Olympics. A small mistake on parallel bars may have cost Li the all-around gold at the 1984 Olympics (he ended in third place), but he dominated the event finals there. He placed first on floor exercise, pommel horse (tie) and rings (tie), and second (tie) on vault. Li Ning was known for his great FX tumbling, especially his tucked double twisting double back mount and his double pike still blows the mind he did it so well. He also spun a great Kasamatsu-full on vault. Today, Li, who was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame, is one of China's most successful entrepreneurs. His popular Li Ning clothing line is known as the “Nike of China”. As part of his “global gymnastics empire”, Li, at one time, owned a gym near Los Angeles, but now focuses his attention on ventures in his native China. Li is married with one son, but it's too soon to tell if he'll follow in his father's footsteps.

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体操项目：

　　Men compete in six different events. The events are as follows:
　　Floor exercise—a routine of dance type movements with acrobatic skills, performed without apparatus on a mat about 12 m (40 ft) square.
　　Pommel horse—a routine performed on a leather-covered apparatus, in the center of which are inserted two pommels, or handles, 40 to 45 cm (15.7 to 17.7 in) apart. The routine consists of a series of continuous swinging and circular motions with the torso and legs, executed as the athlete travels from one end of the horse to the other, using only his hands for support.
　　Rings—a routine performed while grasping one wooden ring in each hand, with the rings suspended from straps and hung parallel to each other 2.75 m (9 ft) above the floor mat. The routine combines static positions with rapid movements designed to test strength and precision.
　　Vault—a routine involving an apparatus, known as a horse, that measures 1.6 m (5.2 ft) long and 1.35 m (4.4 ft) high and has no pommels. The athlete runs toward the horse, approaching it lengthwise. He then takes off from a springboard, places both hands on the surface of the horse, then completes the flight with an acrobatic airborne maneuver before making a controlled landing.
　　Parallel bars—a routine performed on two flexible parallel rails 1.95 m (6.4 ft) above the ground and 42 to 52 cm (16.5 to 20.5 in) apart from each other. The routine is a series of swinging, balancing, and airborne moves.
　　Horizontal bar—a routine performed on a single steel bar suspended 2.75 m (9 ft) above the floor mat. The routine requires continuous swinging motions around the bar with frequent changes in direction and in grip. In the dismount the athlete casts himself off the bar, soars through the air, and then makes a stable landing.
　　Women compete in four events. The events are as follows:
　　Vault—the routine is the same as in the men's event, except that the horse, similar in shape and size to that used by the men, is lowered to a height of 1.2 m (3.9 ft) and is approached from its side.
　　Uneven bars—a routine performed on a set of two flexible bars a maximum of 1.435 m (4.7 ft) apart from each other at different heights. The upper bar is between 2.35 and 2.4 m (7.7 and 7.9 ft) from the floor; the lower bar, parallel to it, is between 1.4 and 1.6 m (4.6 and 5.2 ft) above the floor. The routine demands continuous swinging, releasing, and changing of direction over, under, and between the bars with a mount and dismount.
　　Balance beam—a routine performed on a single beam 10 cm (4 in) wide, 5 m (16.4 ft) long, and 1.2 m (3.9 ft) off the ground. The routine consists of continuous tumbling moves, turns, jumps, and leaps. A mount and dismount are required.
　　Floor exercise—a routine performed without apparatus on a floor mat the same size as the men's, about 12 m (40 ft) square. The routine is similar to the men's floor exercise except that it is performed to music.

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克服生词干扰，培养词汇“猜测能力
辨析能力以及词汇语感”的专项训练

　　学生们往往反映：阅读材料中的生词太多，影响理解。似乎只有掌握较多的单词时，才能从事阅读。其实，不然。往往在句子与语篇的上下文中，充分利用本单元第四节之一所述“冗余度”，便可将生疏词语的大意猜对八九分，这样便达到了“泛读”的目的。如果事后有时间，再查阅一下词曲，对生词的认识便十分准确了。不妨试一下下面的38个小语篇和长句子，用英语或者汉语解释一下各题中斜体部分的生词。
（这组练习为C组，较难）
　　(1) We watched as the cat came quietly through the grass toward the bird. When it was just a few feet from the victim, it gathered its legs under itself, and pounced.
　　(2) What could John expect? He has left his wet swimming trunks in the dark closet for over a week. Of course they had begun to mildew.
　　(3) In spite of the fact that the beautiful egret is in danger of dying out completely, many clothing manufacturers still offer handsome prices for their long, elegant tail feathers, which are used as decorations on ladies' hats.
　　(4) When he learned that the club was planning to admit women, the colonel began to inveigh against all forms of liberalism, his shouting attack began with universal voting and ended with a protest against the volunteer army.
　　(5) Experts in kinetics, in their study of body motion as related to speech, hope to discover new methods of communication.
　　(6) Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.
　　(7) After a day of hunting, Harold is ravenous. Yesterday, for example, he ate two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfied.
　　(8) The major points of your plan are clear to me, but the details are still hazy.
　　(9) By putting his fingers in his mouth and blowing hard through his teeth and fingers, Mr. Gilbreth produced a loud whistle.
　　(10) In order to discover who had a natural ability to learn language, the students were given tests to determine their language aptitude.
　　(11) Mother was tall, fat, and middle aged. The principal of the school was an old woman, almost as plump as Mother, and much shorter.
　　(12) I became angrier and angrier as Don talked, bull refrained from saying anything.
　　(13) Most dentists' off ices are drab places, but Emilo’s new office is a bright, cheerful place.
　　(14) Most of us learn very young in life to control basic drives such as sex, hunger, and aggression.
　　(15) The memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears.
　　(16) Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of mastering our fears.
　　(17)People who survive frightening situations frequently intersperse their story of the crisis with laughter. Part of the laughter expressed is relief that everything is all right. During a crisis, everyone mobilizes energy to deal with the potential problem. If the danger is avoided we need to release that energy. For example, if a pilot averts a plane crash by making a safe emergency landing, he may laugh as he describes his experiences.
　　(18) The members of the family were so angry that I decided to stay away from the house until dinner. Their rage truly frightened me.
　　(19) I begged the family not to kill the scorpions, and they finally listened to my pleas.
　　(20). Mr and Mrs Firth had a long courtship. They dated for nine years before they got married.

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