Unit 17 The missing necklace

【例1】  I have told everything ______ I can to you.

    A. what        B. that        C. which        D. who

    分析与解答：本题考查定语从句连接词的用法。关系代词that，which和who引导定语从句时在句中的职能和意义完全相同，即：which用来捐物，who用来指人，that既可用来指人也可用来捐物。在指物时which和that有时可以互用；在指人时who和that有时可以互换。但在下列情况下不能互换：

    1．如果定语从句所修饰的词是指物的不定代词时，用that不用 which。

    2．当定语从句所修饰的词已有限定的修饰词时必须用which，不能用that。

    3．当定语从句所修饰的那个词是数词或所修饰的那个名词有一个数词作该名词的定语时一般用that不用which。

    4．在only，no，seem，little，much，和It is…等词的后面，以及先行词带有最高级修饰语时，一般多用that不用which或who。

    5．that不能像which，whom那样放在介词之后，而必须将介词调到句末。

    例如：

　　(1) Was the book which/that you were reading a novel by Lu Xun?

　　(2)I don’t like sports in which people easily get hurt.

　　(3) What was the name of the war in the USA which lasted four year?

　　(4) This is the only book that we can borrow.

　　(5) The two books that I bought yesterday are English novels.

　　(6) The case that you are referring to is now closed.

【例2】将下列每组句子改写为带有定语从句的复合句

　　1. The nurse is very kind. She looks after my little brother.

　　_______________________________________________

　　2. We watched the play “Teahouse”. The play “Teahouse” was written by Lao She.

　　_______________________________________________

　　3. The medicine was quite helpful. Dr Li gave it to me.

　　______________________________________________

　　4. The train started at 5:00 p.m.. Mike missed it.

　　_______________________________________________

　　5. The letter is from my uncle. 1 received it three days ago.

　　______________________________________________

　　6. Cream, butter and cheese are kinds of food. They make you fat.

　　_______________________________________________

　　7. The man is in the next room. He brought us the letter yesterday.

　　_______________________________________________

　　8. He did not attend the meeting. He told me the reason.

　　______________________________________________

　　9. The student studies very hard. Her father is a worker.

　　______________________________________________

　　10. I'm going to visit the farm. My uncle works there.

　　_______________________________________________

　　答案：1．The nurse who looks after my little brother is very kind.（照顾我小弟弟的那个护上很慈善。who是关系代词，指的是护土。在定语从句中做主语。可用that代替who）       2．We watched the play “Teahouse” with was written by Lao She．（我们看了老舍写的话剧“茶馆”。which是关系代词，指的是话剧。在定语从句中做主语。可用that代替which）        3．The medicine which Dr Li gave me was quite helpful．（李医生给我的药很有用。which是关系代词，指的是药。在定语从句中做宾语。可用that代替Which。可省略。） 4．The train which Mike missed started at 5：00 p.m．（麦克没赶上的那趟火车是下午5点钟出发的。which是关系代词，指的是火车。在定语从句中做宾语。可用that代替which。可省略。） 5．The letter which I received yesterday is from my uncle．（我昨天收到的那封信是我叔叔寄来的。which是关系代词，指的是信。在定语从句中做宾语。可用that代替which。可省略。）       6．Cream，butter and cheese are the kinds of food which make you fat．（冰激凌、奶油和奶酪是使你变胖的食品。which是关系代词，指的是kinds of food。在定语从句中做主语。可用that代替which。） 7．The man who bought us the letter is in the next room．（给我们带信的人在隔壁房间。who是关系代词，指的是那个人。在定语从句中做主语。可用that代替whe）

　　8．He told me the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting．（他告诉我没有参加会的原因。why是关系副词，指的是原因。在定语从句中做状语。）9．The student whose father is a worker works very hard．（父亲是工人的那个学生学习很努力。whose是关系代词，指人。在定语从句中做定语。）10．I’m going to visit the farm where my uncle works．我打算参观我叔叔工作的农场。where是关系副词，指地点。在定语从句中做状语。）

【例3】

下列各句均有一错，指出并加以改正

　　1.The boy can hardly walk, can't he?                       (    )

　　2. She spent two hours to read the newspaper.                (    )

　　3. Neither Lin Tao nor Wang Lin don't Like playing football.    (    )

　　4. Though I am very busy, I won't go to the cinema.           (    )

　　5. — How long will you go to see your mother?

　　　 — In two days time.                                  (    )

　　6 .None of his parents has been to Beijing.                  (    )

　　解析1．把can’t改为can。该句是一个反意疑问句，陈述句部分从形式上看是肯定句，但hardly是含有否定意义的副词，故附加问句要用肯定式。

　　2．把She spent改为It took her。问题出在学生没有正确掌握两种句型结构，正确的表达应是：It took her two hours to read the newspaper或She spent two hours (in) reading the newspaper．

　　3．把don’t like改为likes。neither…nor…是表示否定意义的连接词，它所在的句子本身表示否定，不能再将谓语变成否定形式。用neither…nor…连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与nor后面的主语保持一致。

　　4．though引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管……但是……”，该句为“尽管我很忙，但是我不会去看电影”，显然语意不通。把though改为As或Because。as表示原因，意为“由于，因为”，引导原因状语从句。上句译为“因为我很忙，所以我不去看电影。”这样显然符合逻辑。

　　5．把How long改为How soon，根据答语In two days’ time（两天以后）可知，该句是问多久以后你就去看你母亲，应用how soon“多久”提问，而how hag意思是“多长时间”，它常被用来提问一段时间，回答一般用for短语，表示动作要持续多久。

　　6．把None改为Neither。none意思是“没有一个人或东西”，范围指三者以上。而neither意思是“两者都不”，常用来指两人中没有一个。句中…of his parents说明主语的范围是两个，故用 nether。

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