Unit 15 What do people eat
英美国家的饮食
有句格言:We eat to live,not live to eat.意思是:我们为了生存而吃,不是为了吃而生存。同中国一样,英美国家也习惯一日三餐。早餐的时间因人而异,一般是在早上七点半至八点半,午餐时间为中午十二点至两点,晚餐时间为七点至九点。美国人没有下午四、五点钟喝午茶的习惯,而英国人则非在下午四、五点钟喝午茶不可,有时除了喝咖啡或热茶外,还要加上些蛋糕。饼干等之类的东西。
早餐一般先吃水果或喝果汁,然后吃麦片粥,或谷类做的薄片加牛奶,再吃些鸡蛋、火腿、咸肉,有时还有烤面包。
午餐较简单,一般工作的人不回家吃午餐,有的带两片在家准备好的三明治,有的去快餐厅或餐馆简单吃一点食物。
晚餐是一天中最重要的一餐。所谓正餐,通常指星期日、生日或特别的日子精心烹制的膳食。大部分家庭在正餐前都换衣服。正餐的菜肴因场合不同而不同。一顿齐全的正餐顺序大致如下:
一、开胃品:饮料、酒或水果。
二、汤:喝汤时有时加黄油和面包。
三、主菜:鱼、肉和蔬菜,还有土豆和米饭。普通人一道主菜就够了,宴请时,最多也不过三、四个菜。这和中国人花费许多时间去准备许多饭菜是完全不同的。
四、餐后食品:包括点心、水果、冰淇淋等。
五、最后一道是咖啡。有些国家,如英国,在喝咖啡前还吃些饼干和乳酪。
英美等国人的饮食与中国人的饮食有许多不同之处。他们喜欢吃生菜,即使肉类、鱼类食品也煮得很生。肉中常常带血。这也许与他们认为煮得太熟的食物会破坏其营养成分有关吧。他们不喝热开水,而喝生水。他们的自来水是绝对干净的。
在英语国家赴宴须知
当你接到赴宴的请柬后若未及时回答对方你不能参加时,那就意味着你欣然接受了,那你就应当按照请柬上的时间、地点准时到达宴会场所。
就座时,要按照餐椅上的名字对号入座,为了出于礼貌,应让女士优先就座,不管认识不认识,男士都要为女士拉开椅子。
每个席位都摆放有一个餐盘,盘里放着三副刀叉(knife and fork)和几把汤匙(spoon),两个酒杯,一块餐巾(napkin)和一只水杯。主人(host / hostess)入座方表示宴会开始,客人(guest)才能进食用餐。
服务员上菜(serve the dish)时,往往是等客人吃完一道后再上另一道菜。菜都是从左侧放进客人的餐盘的,每上一道菜,空盘子都得收走。吃这道菜时应等桌上的人都到齐了才动刀叉或汤匙。如果你不愿吃或者说吃不完某菜道菜,可将餐具摆在一块,收盘子的服务员自然会替你端走的。喝汤时要注意用汤匙并最好不要弄出响声,若汤还滚烫也不要吹,等自然凉后再喝。
宴会结束时,应有礼貌地向主人、主人的朋友及其他与你谈话的人道别。第二天,你应找适当机会对主人友好的邀请表示感谢,要给主人留下你吃是满意,过得高兴的印象。
饮食服务常用词语
饭、餐meal 早餐breakfast
早中饭brunch 午餐lunch, luncheon
晚餐supper 正餐dinner
午茶afternoon tea 快餐snack
点心refreshment
家常便饭home-made meal, homely meal, potluck
便宴informal dinner 自动餐buffet
宴会banquet 套菜complete dinner
中餐Chinese food 西餐western food
主食staple 副食subsidiary food
饭店restaurant 餐厅dining room
公共食堂canteen 快餐厅snack bar
咖啡馆,咖啡店cafe coffee shop
自助餐厅self-service cafeteria 账单bill
男招待员waiter 女招待员waitress
食谱recipe 菜单menu
长方面包loaf 甜面包bun
吐司toast 米饭rice
面条noodles 饺子dumplings, jiaozi
通心粉macaroni 稀饭porridge
燕麦粥oatmeal 馒头steamed bun
花卷steamed roll 烧饼,烙饼griddle cake
食物习语拾趣
我们已经学过了一些表示食物的单词,如:chicken, banana, apple, orange你知道由这些词构成的几个有趣的习语吗?
1. chicken head 笨蛋;蠢人
He has a chicken head for maths. 他不擅长数学。
2. apples and oranges两码事;不可混为一谈
You can’t add apples and oranges. 两事不相关,你不可混为一谈。
3. go bananas 发疯
I’ll go bananas if I have to do the homework again.
如果非要我再做一遍家庭作业,那我会发疯的。
4. a piece of cake易如反掌;小菜一碟
A: Do you know the other name for Venice? 你知道威尼斯的别名吗?
B: Oh, the question is a piece of cake for me. It’s the City of Water.
噢,这个问题难不住我。它叫水城。
5. sandwich man身前身后挂广告牌的人
James is a sandwich man, every day he has to stand in the street.
詹姆斯是个身挂广告的人,每天他不得不站在街上。
English Meals
English people eat porridge for breakfast, too. But their porridge is made of oats, not rice. Many English people take sugar in their porridge, but the Scottish always put salt in it, and never sugar.
English people always drink tea out of cups, never out of glasses. In England they usually drink tea with sugar and milk. When you go to an English family for tea, the host or hostess always asks you, “How many lumps of sugar do you take in your tea?”
In ordinary English families, the main meal is in the evening, because most of the families are away during the day. But on Sunday when everybody is at home, they make the midday meal the main one of the day, and in the evening they have a much lighter supper.
Notes:
1.be made of 用……做成 2.oat n. 燕麦
3.host n. 男主人(hostess女主人) 4.lump n.方块(尢指糖)
Is anyone hungry?
Ann likes fish and chips. What is your favourite meal at home? Have you eaten food from another country? Here is some information about some kinds of foods you might eat.
Dumplings are eaten in different ways around the world. Chinese jaozi, Italian ravioli, Jewish kreplach, and Polish pierogi are kinds of dumplings filled with meat, cheese, or vegetables.
Pizza, an international favourite came from the city of Naples, Italy about 700 years ago,
Pizza is the Italian word for pie, so you don't need to say pizza pie.
Hamburger was first called Hamburg steak. Later, people just called them hamburgers. The hamburger was named after the city of Hamburg, Germany.
Frankfurters were named after the city of Frankfurt, Germany. About 1900, an American selling cooked frankfurters called them hot dogs because they looked like a kind of small dog.
Ice-Cream Cones were first sold at the World' s Fair in St. Louis Missouri, in the USA. In 1904. A scoop of ice cream was put into a cone. You eat the ice cream, then you eat the cone— nothing left to throw away.
Sandwiches were named after the Earl of Sandwich, a rich man in England in the 1700s. While he was playing cards, he asked a servant to bring him two pieces of bread with a piece of meat between them. This was the first sandwich.
Words
ravioli (一种意大利)菜卷(加上调味汁)
Jewish 犹太人
kreplach 三角形或方形肉包
Polish 波兰的
pierogi 馅饼
steak 肉排
frankfurter 猪牛肉混合的香肠
cone 圆锥形之物
fair 展览会;博览会
St. (saint的缩写)n. 圣
scoop (舀冰淇淋的)圆勺
Earl (英国的)伯爵
servant 仆人;佣人;雇工
背景知识Hot dogs
这里介绍一种英美等国家人们喜食的食品—热狗(Hot dogs)。19世纪中期德国人发明了狗香肠(frankfurter),又称法兰克福香肠。19世纪由德国传入美国,20世纪初,纽约棒球赛场上漫画家塔德·多尔根(Tad Dorgan)看到小贩们叫卖,便即兴画了一幅漫画:一个小圆面包里夹着一节夸张了的狗香肠,并加以说明称之为“热狗”。自此,美国热狗产生,并成为人们最喜爱的食品。
英语单位词归类
单位词在英语中应用较广,灵活掌握这些词对英语的灵活运用有很大的帮助。单位词大致有以下几类:
一、表示容积
a bottle of…(water)一瓶……(水)
a bowl of…(rice) 一碗……(米)
a bucket of…(oil) 一桶……(油)
a cup of…(tea) 一茶杯……(茶)
a glass of…(milk) 一玻璃杯……(牛奶)
a handful of…(salt) 一把……(盐)
二、表示动作状态
a flash of…(hope) 一线……(希望)
a peal of…(thunder)一声……(雷声)
a drink of…(water) 一口……(水)
a stroke of…(luck) 一点……(幸运)
三、表示个数
a piece of…(bread) 一片……(面包)
a bit of…(advice) 一条……(建议)
an item of…(news) 一款……(消息)
an article of…(news)一条……(消息)
四、表示形状
a slice of…(wood) 一个……(木头)
a bit of…(advice) 一条……(面包)
a bundle of…(firework)一串……(鞭炮)
a flight of…(stairs) 一段……(楼梯)
a drop of…(water) 一滴……(水)
a bar of…(chocolate) 一条……(巧克力)
a cake of…(soap) 一块……(香皂)
五、表示两个或两个以上一组(群)
a pair of…(shoes) 一双……(鞋)
a school of…(fish) 一群……(鱼)
a group of…(soldier) 一队……(士兵)
a swarm of …(bees) 一窝……(蜂)
a herd of…(cattle) 一群……(牛)
平时多积累词或词组对老师业务水平的提高将有很大的帮助,进而提高教学质量,希望这些词对老师们有所帮助。