以下为课件内提取的文本内容，仅供参考：

Language Points

1.infect:

1) ~ sb/sth (with sth) cause sb/sth to have a

disease;传染, 感染

One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon

infected other children.

班上的一个孩子发烧了，不久他就传染上了其他孩子。

If your eyes are infected, you must go to an oculist."

"如果你的眼睛受到感染,就要去看眼科医生。"

2) 使受影响, 使受感染 fill (sb's mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas or feelings

Mary's high spirits infected all the girls in the class.

玛丽振奋的精神感染了班上所有的女孩子。

２. via : 1) prep by way of (sth); through 经由，途经

to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin

由北京经由天津去上海

go from London to Washington via New York

2) by means of:通过；凭藉

I sent a message to Mary via her brother.

我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。

I can send him a note via the internal mail system.

4.Perhaps,but what if…??

What if 要是…怎么办

What if he comes ?

What if it rains when we can’t get under shelter?

３. transmit: [usu passive] 通常用被动语态

1)~ sth (from...)(to...)send out (a signal, programme, etc) electronically by radio waves, along a telegraph wire

播送；发送

The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries.

世界杯决赛现正向五十多个国家作实况转播。

2) ~ sth/itself (from...) (to...) send or pass on sth/itself from one person, place or thing to another

传送；传播；传递；传染

Parents transmit some of their characteristics to their children.

父母把一些特有的素质遗传给儿女。

transmit knowledge from one generation to another

把知识由一代人传给另一代人

4. persuade: vt. cause sb to do sth by arguing or reasoning with him 说服, 劝服; 使相信

persuade sb. into/ out of sth. 说服, 劝服某人做某事

persuade sb. to do sth.

persuade sb. that… 后接宾语从句

We persuaded Harry that he was wrong.

Who persuaded you to join this society?

我几乎相信他是诚实的。

我们使亨利相信是他错了。

I am almost persuaded of his honesty.

谁说服你参加这个团体?

persuade/ convince/ advise

③ persuade 和convince都表示结果，即说服了，若表示“说服”或“劝说”的动作常用try to persuade (或用convince）也可用advise 来表示：

I advised (tried to persuade) him to start early but he couldn’t listen

②persuade 还可以表示说服某人做某事/不做某事，结构为 persuade sb. to do sth./ persuade sb. not to do sth.; persuade sb. into doing sth./ persuade sb. out of doing sth. He persuaded me to do that. = He persuaded me into doing that.

.

①persuade和convince意思是指“说服”，前者着重是指情感上的“敦促、劝告”后者着重指理智方面的“辩论、证明”两者结构相同，即：

persuade / convince sb. that…

persuade sb. / convince sb. of…

5. discourage: take away sb's confidence or hope of doing sth 使泄气使失去信心、希望或精神 (做某事)。

3）be discouraged, get discouraged / discouraged adj.

"If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be discouraged."

"如果你学习中遇到什么困难,不要灰心。"

discouraging adj: a discouraging result, reply 使人泄气的结果、回答

2）try to stop (sth) 试图阻止；阻拦；劝阻

The school teachers discourage smoking.

学校老师不赞成吸烟。

1）~ sb (from doing sth) 阻拦某人不要做某事

His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.

他的父母亲劝他不要参加空军

7. die of / die from

die of 因 …而死（原因多来自内部，情感、冻饿、生病等）后常加这样的名词：die of hunger (cold, poison, illness, old age, a disease, thirst, sorrow, disappointed love, a fever, heat…) 死于饥饿（寒冷、中毒、疾病、年老、疾病、无聊、渴、忧伤、失恋、发烧、热…）

die from 由于…而死（原因常来自外部），后常加这样的名词：die from a wound ( lack of food, an accident, over work, carelessness, drinking, some unknown cause…)死于受伤（缺乏食物、事故、工作过量、粗心、饮酒过量、不明原因等）

Break down使．．．瓦解，毁坏，分解

Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.

Leave使．．．处于某种状态leave sth. 宾补（adj.）

Don’t leave the window open.

She left her baby crying.

A lack of　　　短缺，缺乏

A lack of care a lack of money

The project had to be abandoned for lack of funds.

Suffer…from 患．．于．．．　因．．．而吃苦头

She is suffering from a bad cold.

句型与语法

1. People who see Xiaohua would never guess that she is one of millions of children in the world living- and dying- with AIDS.

看过小华的人都不会想到她是世界上患艾滋病而濒于死亡的几百万儿童中的一个。

句中的who see Xiaohua 是一个定语从句，先行词是people,“看见小华的人”； would never guess that… 句子的谓语部分，后接一个宾语从句；in the world living-and-dying是现在分词作后置定语，可以转化一个定语从句，相当于：she is one of millions of children in the world who are living- and dying with AIDS.

2. People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex, by receiving infected blood transfusion or, as in Xiaohua’s case, through birth.

句中以by“用…方式”，后接 -ving形式。having unprotected sex 这儿是“有unprotected sex”，unprotected和infected是过去分词作形容词用。一定要区别分词的完成时“having done结构”。我们知道having done,一般放在句子开头用作状语，它表示该形式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动词之前。如：

Having made a lot of experiments, they discovered a new method.

在做了很多试验之后，他们发现了一种新方法。

Having finished all my homework, I had a drink and went out.

在做完了家庭作业之后，我喝了一杯出去了。

这儿的as后接一个省略的介词结构，相当于as it happened

in Xiaohua’s case, she got infected through birth.

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来说明说话人说的不是事实，而只是一种愿望，假设，猜测，空想．

If I were you ,I would go at once.

If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would come to see you.

If you had come a few minutes earlier ,you would have met him.

１．在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中表示与事实相反的条件和结果

２．宾语从句

I wish Mum hadn’t gone.

3.让步状语从句

She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.

(与现在事实相反)

（与将来事实相反）

（与过去事实相反）

8. reason/ cause/ excuse/ grounds

reason: 理由，原因；指决定做某一件事或采取某一行动的理由，由此而得出结论或解释，如：The reason for my absence was that I was ill. 这儿不能用because引导。

cause：起因；指引起某种后果的起因，如：

The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.

事故的起因是他开得太快。

excuse: 辩解，借口；指为某一行为所做的解释，可以使真的，也可以是托词，如：

Too much work is no excuse for not studying.

工作太多不能成为不学习的理由。

grounds: 根据，理由；有根据的理由，如：We have good grounds to believe his story. 我们有充分的理由相信他的话。

6. identify: show, prove, etc who or what sb/sth is; recognize sb/sth (as being the specified person or thing) 确认；证明某人某事；鉴定

1）~ sb/sth as sb/sth 确认；证明某人某事；鉴定

She identified the man as her attacker.

她认出那个男人就是袭击她的人。

2）~ sth with sth consider sth to be identical with sth; equate two things

认为某事同某事等同

One cannot identify happiness with wealth.

幸福和财富不能混为一谈。