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九年义务教育

达到目标

学龄儿童

上小学

５．与…密切联系

６．全球教育论坛

７．联合国教科文组织

８．承诺,许诺

９．与…相同

１０．首先

１１．重视

１２．怀疑

１３．使…脱离

１４．改变传统观念

nine years of compulsory

education

2. reach the target

3. school-age children

4. attend primary school

5. be closely linked to

6.the World Education forum

7.UNESCO

8. make a commitment

9. be similar to

10. to begin with（作状语）

11. attach importance to

12. be sceptical of

13. take sb. away from

14. change traditional ideas

junior

/senior( high)

the United Nations

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

初中／高中

/ goal

1５. 有…倾向

1６. 辍学

1７. 吸收,接纳

1８. 缺老师（名词）

１９．在混合班里上课

２０. 展开

２１．在一些乡村定居点

２２．几乎完全依赖其他

　　　国家的援助

２３．远程学习

２４. 三个中有一个

2５. 通过希望工程捐赠钱

2６. 向某人提供全部课程

２７．完成目标

２８．出台一部法律

１５. have a tendency to

１６ drop out

１７. take in

１８. a shortage of

１９. have mixed-grade

classes

２０. spread out

２１. in some rural settlements

２２. rely almost completely

on aid from other countries

２３. distance learning

２４. one in / out of three

２５. donate money through

　the Hope Project

２６. provide sb. with a full

curriculum

２７. accomplish the goal

２８. introduce a law

It is reported that 99% of the school-age children in China attended primary school by 2004. ( A)

2.In north and central Australia the population is so spread out that children in some rural settlements can be as far as 1000 km away....(D)

3.But it is very different for parents of children in

the least developed nations of Africa and Asia. (G)

Key sentences

It is reported/ said/ known that

it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句内容。

least .

adj.最小的, 最少的

adv.最少, 最小

He walked the least distance of all.

not in the least 一点也不,丝毫不

so...that

as far as + 数目　有多少多少远的距离

words & expressions easily confused

commitment cf. promise

n.委托事项, 许诺,

承担义务

1.承诺；约定；约束

a) a commitment to pay $50000 to Red Cross

承诺向红十字会提供50000美元

b) China has made a commitment to spare no

efforts to help the tsunami-hit regions of Asia.

中国承诺竭尽全力帮助海啸袭击的亚洲地区

2. 责任；承担义务

a) I've taken on too many commitments.

我承担的义务太多了。

b) He doesn't want to get married because he is

afraid of any commitments.

他不想结婚,因为他害怕承担任何责任。

commit

vt.犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把..交托给, 提交,答应负责

commit

1) 犯（错误、罪）,做（坏事）,犯（法）

a) commit a murder

b)A theft was committed last night.

2) 把…委托于… ; 交付; 把…投入

He was committed to prison.

commit oneself on sth.

commit oneself to do sth.

commit oneself to sth.

他被关入大牢．

对…表明态度

承诺干某事

致力于某事

昨晚发生了一起盗窃案。

cf: committee

n.委员会

1)be /sit on a committee

2)This was discussed in committee.

任委员会委员

这事已经委员会讨论

2. sceptical adj.

1)We’re sceptical of the team’s chances of winning.

2) I’m sceptical about their professed sympathy for

the poor.

be scaptical of /about

unwilling to believe something,

　doubtful

cf: suspicious

adj.(～ of) 可疑的,

　　　　　　怀疑的

对某事物持怀疑态度的，不肯相信的

sceptic n.

１）持怀疑态度的人

２）怀疑宗教教义的人

Ex.

1.I think I would have a cold drink ______________ coffee.

2. I________________ have the red one ________ the green one.

3.These shoes are comfortable

______________pretty.

4.There's nobody here _______ _________me.

5.You can't get there _________________by swimming.

6. She works as a secretary,

____________a typist

would rather ..than

rather than

other than

or rather

不愿,不要,不是 ,胜于

adv.不同于

除了(except)

宁愿, 宁可

更确切地说

除了我这里没别人。

这双鞋不好看，但是舒服。

你只能靠游泳游到那边去。

rather than

rather than

other

than

or rather

would rather

than

other

than

evident adj.

显然你累了。

evidence n.明显迹象, 根据, [物]证据, 证物

There is no evidence that he is guilty.

It's evident that you are tired.

in evidence 显著的

sny: obvious , clear

easily seen or understood; obvious.

显然的，明白的：容易被看到或理解的；

spread out

The woods spread out as far as the eye could see.

2) He spread out his hands.

3)The captain told his men to spread out.

展开,伸开，散开

spread over 覆盖一片

spread ..with 在．上面涂抹

The dust spread over the table.

2).spread the bed with blanket

distribute

~ sth to sb

among sb

1)分；分发,分配；分送

2)分布；散布

3)供销；配给

cf: give out, hand out

These verbs mean to give out in portions or shares.

这些动词都指按部分或按份额分发，

distribute 是意义最广的：

In the 19th century the government distributed land to

settlers willing to cultivate it.

在19世纪，政府将土地分发给愿意耕种的定居者。

Divide 表示根据计划或目的进行按份额分发，常是平等的：

The estate(财产,不动产) will be divided among the heirs(继承人).

a) distribute books to students

给学生发书

~ profits among sb

在某人中分配利润

distribute & divide

distribution n

分发,分配,分送

tend

tendency

tend to do sth. 易于…

tend to/ towards sth.　倾向于…

She has a strong tendency to forget things.

她很容易忘记事情

当别人反对他的意见时，他很生气．

He tends to get angry when people oppose to his plan.

vt.照管, 护理

vi.趋向, 往往是

n. 1)趋向, 倾向

2) 脾性；修养；

There is a tendency for unemployment to rise this year.

donate

vt. contribute, give…to a charity

e.g. How much money did you donate?

They used to donate generously

to the Red Cross every year.

introduce (正式)提交，提出，实施，推行

政府已经实施了对香烟广告的禁令．

The government has introduced a ban on the advertising of cigarettes.

To begin with (first, first of all, to start with)

首先，　有一个积极的心态很重要．

To begin with, it is important to create a positive attitude.

不定式作为固定短语作状语，充当插入语还有：

to start with

to be frank

to tell the truth

to be honest

. drop out:　不参与, 离去, 放弃

1) She got a scholarship to Cambridge but

dropped out later.

2)　他不得不中途退出比赛．

　　He had to drop out of the match.

We should attach primary importance to the development of economy.

我们要把发展经济的工作放在第一位。

attach importance to…：重视

She attaches great importance to regular

exercises.

attach ... to ...（加于……之上）

No blame attaches to him for the accident.

这个事故他没有受到责备。

Word Study

absent __________

compulsory ________________

standard _________________

____________

curriculum _________________

____________

not present

oblatory, required

something used as a rule or model

subjects taught in a school/college

distribute _____________________

__________

tendency _______

expand __________________

sceptical _________________

_________________

give out, spread out, put into groups

leaning

make/become larger

unwilling to believe something, doubtful

commitment _________________

load _______________

___________________

pledge, undertaking

something that is carried, heavy weight