以下为课件内提取的文本内容，仅供参考：

English around the world

UNIT 2

1. include vt. 包括，包含

Do your charges include those of our bed and food?

A complete article may include the beginning, the body

and the ending part.

六个人死于这次意外，其中包括两个妇女。

Six people died in the accident, including two women.

= two women included

2. play a role/ part in… 在…中扮演角色／起作用

play a role/ part of… 扮演…的角色

e.g. 1) 妇女在我们的生活中起了重要的作用。

2) 我们永远都不能忽视妇女在我们的生活

中所起的重要作用。

3) 在剧中，她扮演了一个小女孩的角色。

4) 她在剧中扮演什么角色？

Women play an important part/ role in our life.

We can never ignore the important part/ role that

women play in our life.

She play a role of a girl in the play.

What role did she play in the play?

3. because of… 因为（＋n./ v-ing/ what引导的名从）

because 因为（+句子）

e.g. 1) 由于懒惰，他没有通过这次考试。

2) 因为他的话，我哭了。

He didn’t pass the exam because of his laziness.

= He didn’t pass the exam because he was lazy.

I cried because of what he said.

类似短语：due to（由于，因为），thanks to（由于，多亏），owing to（由于）? to: prep.

as a result of…（由于，由于…的结果），for the reason of…（由于…的原因）

4. come up 走近，上来

come up to… 走到…跟前

come up with 提出

e.g. 1) 太阳升上来了。

2) 那女孩微笑着向我走来。

3) 他提出了一个好主意。

The sun has come up.

The girl came up to me, smiling.

He came up with a good idea.

5. present nc. 礼物 adj. 现在的；出席的，到场的

e.g. 1) 所有在场的女孩

2) 现任总统

all the girls present

the present President

注：present作定语，意为“出席的，在场的”通常

放在名词之后；意为“现在的，当前的”通常放

在名词之前。

** at present 目前，现在（反: in the past在过去）

6. such as：用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，

但只能举出其中一部分。

for example：一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”

为例，作为插入语，用逗号隔开，

可置于句首、句中或句末。

e.g. 1) 他懂得好几种语言，例如中文和英语。

2) 例如，噪音就是一种污染。

He knows several languages, such as Chinese and English.

Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution.

7. command (nc) 命令，指令，掌握

v. 指挥，命令

obey one’s command 听从某人的指令

be in command of… 统帅……

command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事

command that + sb (should) do…

e.g. 老师制止学生闲谈，却无人听从。

Nobody obeyed the teacher’s ~ to stop

gossiping.

.

e.g. 警察命令小偷停下来。

The policeman ~ed the thief to stop.

= The policeman ~ed that the thief should

stop.

8. request n. & v. 请求，要求

(n.) ~ (for sth / that从句) 要求，请求

by ~ 应邀 on ~ 请求

at the ~ of… 应……的邀请

(v.) ~ sth (from / of sb) 要求，请求

~ sb to do

~ that + sb (should) do…

e.g. Visitors ____ not to touch the exhibits.

A. will request B. request

C. are requesting D. are requested

e.g. 我请求他早来一个小时。

e.g. 他应邀（应玛丽的要求）唱了一首歌。

e.g. 我们应该请求援助。

D

I ~ed that he (should) come an hour earlier.

He sang a song by ~ / at May’s ~.

We should make a ~ for help.

9. recognize vt. 辨(认)出,承认, 认识到

~ one’s voice 辨出某人的声音

be ~d as… 被承认为……

~ sb to be 承认某人是……

~ that + 从句… 承认……

e.g. –Oh, it’s you! I ____ you.

--I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing

new glasses.

A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized

C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize

A

e.g. 我立刻认出我的老朋友。

e.g.我们认识他已经十年了。

e.g. 他们承认他是位伟大的作家。

e.g. 我认识到我犯了个大错误。

I ~d my old friend at once.

We have known him for 10 years.

They ~d him to be / as a great writer.

I ~d that I had made a big mistake.

He was ~d as a great writer.

10. direction n. 方向,指导; 指示/ 说明书(复数)

* 用作表示 “方向”义时其介词搭配为in / from; 用作 “指导 / 说明” 义时则与介词under搭配

in one ~ 朝某一方向

in all ~s 朝四面八方

in / from the ~ of 朝着 / 来自……方向

under the ~ of sb / one’s ~ 在某人指导下

follow one’s ~ 听从某人的教导

according to one’s ~s 根据某人的指示

e.g. 她驱车朝伦敦方向驶去

e.g. 请遵照此药的使用说明服药.

e.g. 我向他做了详细说明,好帮他找到那房子。

e.g. 我不擅长跳舞,但我正在他的指导下学习。

She drove off in the ~ of London.

Follow the ~s for the use of the medicine.

I gave him full ~s to help him find that house.

I’m not good at dancing, but I’m learning under his direction.

Warming up

What do world Englishes include? What are the differences between the Englishes?

2. Try to guess which of the following words is British English and which is American English: fall / autumn, flat / apartment

3. Is English important? Why do so many people speak English?

Read through The Road to Modern English

and analyze the text paragraph by paragraph.

(Para. 1) main idea:

1.What are the changes of English from the end of the 16th century till now?

2. Which country has the largest number of English speakers?

More and more people from different countries speak English.

China.

Q1+Q2

(Para. 2):

2. What does “flat” mean in American English?

1. Why may an American friend doesn’t understand the sentence “Would you please come up to my flat for a visit?”

Even native English speakers can’t understand everything that each other say.

(Para. 3):

English has changed over time

German

1150 --1500

Shakespeare’s English

American Dictionary of the English Language

(Para. 4):

English is spoken as a foreign or second language in non-English speaking countries.

Question: If you are asked to find another title to take the place of The Road to Modern English , what will you choose?

◆ even if 尽管，即使 （引导让步状语从句，从句所说的不肯定）

even though 从句所说的是事实

即使我们知道结果也不会告诉他。

We won’t tell him even if we know the result.

◆however 可是，然而

however 不能像but一样直接连接两个句子，而必须用逗号隔开句子