Unit 11 The Merchant of Venice

扩展资料

Shakespeare, William

　　The English dramatist and poet William Shakespeare was the author of the most widely admired and influential body of literature by any individual in the history of Western civilization. His work comprises 36 plays, 154 sonnets, and 2 narrative poems. Knowledge of Shakespeare is derived from two sources: his works and those remains of legal and church records and contemporary allusions through which scholars can trace the external facts of his life.
　　Shakespeare was baptized in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, on Apr. 26, 1564. He is buried in the same church, where a memorial records his death on Apr. 23, 1616. In 1623 his colleagues John Heminge and Henry Condell created another memorial by publishing Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies, the collection of his plays now known as the First Folio.
　　His mother, Mary, was the daughter of Robert Arden of Wilmcote, near Stratford. . His father, John, was a glover and leather merchant whose increasing financial success was marked by his appointment to a series of municipal posts during the first 10 years of William's life. In the mid-1570s, John Shakespeare's fortunes declined, and he no longer took a visible part in Stratford affairs. The family fortunes lost by John would later be repaired by his son.
　　Shakespeare probably attended Stratford's excellent free grammar school, although no record of the fact exists. On Nov. 28, 1582, church authorities gave permission for him to marry Anne Hathaway of the neighboring village of Shottery. He was 18 years old, and she was 26; probably she was pregnant. On May 26, 1583, their daughter Susanna was baptized in Holy Trinity. Twins, named Hamnet and Judith, were baptized on Feb. 2, 1585.
　　No records have been found for the years between the twins' baptism and 1592. In that year a disappointed author, Robert Greene, referred cryptically to Shakespeare in his Groatsworth of Wit Bought With a Million of Repentance; he warned his fellow writers about "an upstart crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide, supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse as the best of you: and being an absolute Johannes fac totum, is in his own conceit the only Shake-scene in a country." Thus as early as 1592, Shakespeare was sufficiently well known to be recognized by the pun on his name and the parody of a line from his Henry VI, Part 3: "O tiger's heart wrapped in a woman's hide." Greene's is the only hostile allusion to Shakespeare that exists; its motive can be guessed from his description of Shakespeare as Johannes fac totum--"Jack-of-all-trades."
　　Unlike Greene, Shakespeare was an actor ("player") as well as a writer, and he was associated with a group of other actors that included the day's leading comedian, Will Kempe, and a leading tragedian, Richard Burbage. They were known, after their nominal patron, as the CHAMBERLAIN'S MEN and (after 1603) as the King's Men. By 1592, Shakespeare was acting exclusively for this company; he held shares in the company's profits; he was part of a consortium that in 1599 built and owned its home theater, the GLOBE THEATRE; and he wrote his plays exclusively for this company, at the rate of about two per year.
　　In 1593-94 a plague epidemic forced the closing of the London theaters. In those years Shakespeare published two narrative poems, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. The circumstances surrounding another nondramatic work, the SONNETS OF SHAKESPEARE, are less clear. Scholars are not certain how long before their unauthorized publication (1609) they were written, whether they were all written in the same period, or whether the order in which they appeared was of Shakespeare's design. Because the sonnets are the only works in which Shakespeare may plausibly be thought to write from a frankly autobiographical impulse, they have exercised a fascination beyond even their extraordinary value as poetry.

扩展资料

在单项填空练习中培养书面表达能力

一、单项填空题是造句基本训练的良好教材
　　以1996年高考试卷的单项填空为例，其中6～25，共20题，完全可以作为写作造句基本功训练的良好的教材。
　　第6题是练习时态的，除填入正确选项后，背默整个小对话：
　　—Have you seen my glasses?
　　—Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
　　还应该用其它三个选项进行造句练习：
　　A. Do you see—Do you see a tiger in the picture?
　　B. Had you seen—Had you seen Mr. Wang before I came?
　　C. Would you see—Would you see it better if you were standing over here?
　　第21题，除了填入正确选项并背诵全句之外，也应该用其余三个选项的词组动词造句：
　　21. It is wise to have some money put away for old age.
　　B. kept up—Although she was so sad to hear the bad news she kept up her spirits by singing as loudly as possible,
　　C. given away—She has given away all her money to those who became homeless after the flood.
　　D. laid up—Since they had laid up enough food for the winter, the snowstorm did not cause them much trouble.
　　即使单项填空的例句也应该认真研究背诵，并且同样把其它选项编造成句：
　　We should have studied last night，but we went to the concert instead.
　　A. must have studied—He must have studied before the exam; otherwise he couldn't have passed.
　　B. might study—If I were you, I might study in a different way.
　　D. would study—He promised that he would study before the exam.
　　这样一来，除了单项填空原有的20个句子或小对话，还可以再造出来40个，甚至50多个句子或小对话。这样办法更适合考前“临阵磨枪”。一两份高考试卷在手，随身携带，不时背默一番，再造成几个新句子和新对话，远胜过死背英汉对照单词表。
　　不过请注意：如果自己没有把握，不要随便造句，要请教老师或查阅词典或语法工具书籍。没有造句条件，只要背默每份高考试卷的20句单项填空就足矣。（有关将“单项填空”中之单句改写延伸成为“小语篇”的练习，请参见本书第一单元第五节的练习。）
二、三分钟小作文训练
　　课堂书面表达练习费时较多，不宜每日进行，故三分钟小作文比较可行。下面是我根据1997年1月海演区期末试题单项填空6～25小题要求学生做的三分钟小作文（参考答案如下）的课堂实录。
　　教师：第6小题原句正确答案是：Carry your valuables with you—money, jewelry, cameras and so on. 贵重物品如现金，首饰，照相机等，请随身携带。那么，这句话是谁对谁说的，在什么场合，什么时候说的？
　　学生：下车时乘务员说：（T：可是有时候乘坐校车去好几年地方旅游，开车老师允许把大包衣服和吃的放在车上，就把这个写上罢，时间：3分钟，开始。）
（※结果不少学生写的作文在内容与语词与我的差不多。）
※※※三分钟小作文练习（先完成6～25小题的单项填空，再将其中含正确选项的句子扩展延伸成20个小语篇。）
I．单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分，满分25分）
B）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白的最佳答案。
　　6. Carry you _______ with you —money, jewelry, cameras and so on.
　　A. gifts　　B. suitcase　　C. bags　　D. valuables
　　7. ——It’s warmer in here now.
　　　——Yes. I had Helen________ the window.
　　A. closing　　B. closed　　C. to close　　D. close
　　8. _________ is certain that OUR team will win the game.
　　A. There　　B. This　　C. It　　D. That
　　9. Tom _________ for the sweets in the box when no one _________.
　　A. reached, was looking　　B. was reaching, looked
　　C. reached, had looked.　　D. had reached, looked
　　10. ——I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot.
　　　　——_________.
　　A. So do I　　　　B. Neither do I
　　C. I'm the same　　D. So it is with me
　　11. _________ Mr Chen is waiting outside to speak to you.
　　He appears to be quite ________ important person.
　　A./, a　　B. A, an　　C. The, the　　D. The, an
　　12. Some people would rather ride bikes as bike riding has ________of the trouble of taking buses.
　　A. nothing　　B. none　　C. some　　D. neither
　　13. ——I wonder Why they are late
　　　　——They ________the plane.
　　A. can have missed　　B. could miss
　　C. might have missed　D. may miss
　　14. Sam’s uncle sent him a _________ bike as a birthday present.
　　A. red sports new　　B. sports new red
　　C. new sports red　　D. new red sports
15. The weather was _________ worse than I had expected.
　　A. fairly　　B. quite　　C. pretty　　D. rather
16. The picture of the park _________ memories of our class trip last year.
　　A. gave up　　　　B. called up
　　C. turned up.　　D. came up
17. I had no idea where he had been _________ he told me.
　　A. when　　B. except　　C. until　　D. unless
18. The students ________ a line, and then walked into the museum.
　　A. gathered　　B. waited　　C. stood　　D. formed
19. I can’t find my keys. ________ them anywhere in the office this morning?
　　A. Did you see　　B. Have you seen
　　C. Do you see　　D. Are you seeing
20. He told me that Mr Smith was the man ________ he believed could be trusted.
　　A. who　　B. whom　　C. which　　D. /
21. When was it ________he had the accident?
　　A. that　　B. which　　C. where　　D. as
22. ——I hope you don’t mind my pointing out your mistakes.
　　——________.
　　A. Of course　　　　B. Certainly not
　　C. Yes, I don’t　　D. You’re welcome
23. John, ________at the news of the earthquake, was dumbfounded.
　　A. shock　　B. shocked　　C. shocking　　D. having shocked
24. ________ is the question of going on a holiday.
　　A. What they interested　　B. What interests them
　　C. What is interested　　　D. What they're interested
25. If you _________ him about it yesterday, he _________ how to do it now.
　　A. had told, would know　　B. had told, would have known
　　C. told, would know　　　　D. told, knows

扩展资料

妙用不定式

1.不定式用于so…as to …等结构
　　不定式还可用于so…as to…（如此……以至于……）；such …a to…（如此……以至于……）；enough …to…（足够……能……）；too…to…（太……不能……）以及only to…（结果……）结构中表示结果。
Learning by using:
Choose the right answers for the sentences. 选择正确答案。
　　A. so… as to… B. such as to… C. enough…to… D. too…to… E. only to…
　　(1) He has money _______ spare. 他有足够的钱花。
　　(2) His indifference is_________ make one despair. 他如此冷漠，令人感到绝望。
　　(3) The eat is_______ hot ________ drink. 茶太热，不能喝。
　　(4) He lifted a rock________ drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
　　(5) The house is_______ high and narrow _______ resemble a tower. 这房子又高又窄，像一座塔。
2.不定式用于only to find结构
　　不定式用于only to find结构中，常表示一种令人失望的结果。如：
　　(1) He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.
他急忙赶到那所房子，却发现空无一人。 相当于
　　He hurried to the house and was disappointed when he found that it was empty.
　　他急忙赶到那所房子，但发现空无一人时感到大为失望。
　　(2) He survived the crash only to be found dead in the desert. 相当于：
　　He survived the crash but he was found dead in the desert.
　　飞机坠毁时他幸免于难，后来却被发现死在沙漠里。