Unit 11 Dates, months and seas

扩展资料

About Time Zone (有关时区)

　　Strange things happen to time when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty -four zones, one hour separate. You can have days with more or fewer than twenty –four hours, and weeks with more or fewer than seven days.

　　If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean, your ship enters a different time zone every day. As you enter each zone, the time changes one hour. Traveling west, you set your clock back; traveling east, you set ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty- three hours.

　　If you travel by ship across the Pacific, you cross the International Date Line. By agreement this is the point where a new day begins. When you cross the line, you change your calendar (日历) one full day, backward or forward. Traveling east, today becomes yesterday; traveling west, it is tomorrow.

About Holidays (有关节日)

　　Christmas is the most important of all the Bank Holiday in the year, at Christmas people give presents to each other and the whole big family gets together. The English people usually celebrate Christmas on Christmas on December 25^th, instead of Christmas Eve as in several other European countries.

　　Boxing Day after Christmas, on December 26^th. It has nothing to do with the sport of “boxing”! This is a very old holiday. On this day workers will receive presents from their bosses.

　　Easter Monday comes after Easter Day in March. Waster Monday used to be the day on which the women would parade in the parks, wearing new dresses and hats. Though they may not do this today, they still buy and wear spring clothes on this day.

　　People spend the summer Bank Holiday in late August. It is the most popular holiday of the year, because it comes at a time when children are not at school. A lot of people try to make this a long weekend, and go to the seaside or to the country. The result is that there have always been traffic jams here and there.

　　In recent years, many people have talked about creating another Bank Holiday between August and Christmas, but nothing has been done. They said that October would be a good month, for the weather is often very nice then.

　　Choose the correct answer:

　　The Time areas of China and America

　　There are five different time areas in China. In America, too. We have fourteen hours earlier than America do. Beijing time is standard time.

　　Do you know what a Bank Holiday in Britain is? On a Bank Holiday, all the banks are closed and so are other shops. People enjoy their holiday in the parks at the seaside and in the country.

Seasons季节

　　A year is divided into four seasons. As the seasons change, so do temperature, weather and the length of day. At the end of the year, people usually send “season’s greetings” to their family members, relatives or friends by posting them Christmas cards.

　　“Season” also means a period of time marked by a certain activity or a large quantity of a certain product, for example, the rainy season, the strawberry season or, for football fans, the football season.

　　Fruits are the best and cheapest in the season. But hotels cost more in the season. That is why some people take their holidays out of season.

　　一年分四季。季节变换，气温、天气以及白昼的长度也会随之而改变。年底，人们通常都寄送圣诞卡向自己的家人、亲友致以“节日的祝贺”。

　　“季节”也表示以某种活动或某种产品大量涌现为特征的时期。例如：雨季，草莓季节（草莓当令时期），又如对于足球迷来说的足球赛季等。

　　当令的水果最好也最便宜，但旅游旺季时期的旅馆就比较贵了，因此，有些就不在旺季时期去度假。

　　A Little Poem

　　Four Seasons

　　Spring is gay with flower and song,

　　Summer is hot and the days are long,

　　Autumn is rich with fruit and grain,

　　Winter brings snow and the New Year again.

　　四季

　　春乐百花香，

　　夏热白昼长，

　　秋收果和粮，

　　冬雪迎新忙。

Aren’t I? 还是ain’t I?

　　在学习英语反意疑问句时，同学们会碰到把I am right.改写为反意疑问句的问题。一般情况是：如果前半部分是表示肯定的陈述句，那么后半部分应该是一个表示否定的简略问句。反之亦然，且前后两部分人称一致，所以有人就会想当然地推断出I am right, amn’t I?这样的错句。（amn’t很难发音，无人用过。）

　　那么，怎样把这个例句改写为反意疑问句呢？可以按以下三种情况来改写：

　　（1）I’m right, am I not?

　　（2）I’m right, aren’t I?

　　（3）I’m right, ain’t I?

　　第一句中am I not不是缩约形式的否定简略问句，虽然正确，但不自然和口语化；第二句中aren’t I和第三句中ain’t I这两种形式，无论在美国英语中还是在英国英语中都有使用，主要用在非正式的谈话中，前者在英国较普通，而后者在美国较普遍。

January, February, March…

Where did they get those names?

　　Now you know the English names for the months of the year. It would be easier if they named the months Month 1, Month 2, Month 3…Where did the English names for the months come from?

　　All of the English names for the months come from the Latin language. The Romans spoke Latin 2000 years ago. The English names for the months come from the old Roman calendar.

　　January: It is named after Janus. Jamus had two faces. He could look in front to the new year, and look back to the old year.

　　February: It is named after Februs, a festival of cleaning.

　　March: It is named after Mars, the Roman leader of war.

　　April: comes from the Latin words a perire. A perire means to open. This is the time of year when the flowers ‘open.’

　　May: named after Maia, a popular woman in Roman stories. She brings spring every year.

　　June: named after juniores. Juniores means ‘young men.’

　　July: named after Julius Caesar. He was a Roman leader.

　　August: named after Augustus Caesar. He was another Roman leader.

　　September: It comes from the Latin word septem which means seven. In old Rome, September used to be the seventh month. Now it is the ninth month.

　　October: It comes from the Latin word octo which means eight. In old Rome, October used to be the eighth month. Now it is the tenth month.

　　November: It comes from the Latin word novem which means nine. In old Rome, November used to be the ninth month. Now it is the eleventh month.

　　December: It comes from the Latin word decem which means ten. In old Rome, December used to be the tenth month. Now it is the twelfth month.

　　Now you know where the English names of the months come from!

　　阅读文选

　　The seasons in Australia are not like ours. When it is winter in China, it is summer there. Australia is a southern country. It is in the south of the world. June, July and August are the winter months; September, October and November are spring; summer is in December, January and February: and March, April and May are the autumn months. The north of the country is hotter than the south.

　　A very large part of the country has no rain at all. The east coast has rain all the year. There are no dry months there. The southeast winds blow all the year. They bring rain from the sea. There is not much rain on the west side. The southeast part of Australia has summer rain from the southeast winds. They only blow here in summer.

　　The southwest part of Australia has winter rain. The west winds blow over the southwest in winter only. In summer the southwest of the country has no rain. In the north of Australia there is no rain in winter. The rain comes in summer. The northwest winds bring it.

　　

扩展资料

反意疑问句复习课教学四步法

　　反意疑问句是初中阶段英语教学的重点和难点，而这部分内容在教材中又比较分散，有必要把分散的知识集中起来串讲，分块复习，各个击破以提高学生的综合运用能力与应试能力。下面我就分块复习，按“练─讲 ─练”程序，分四步走，谈谈这堂复习课的实施过程。

　　一、结构认识：

　　在复习过程中，我首先用幻灯片出示英语四种疑问句句型：[1]Do you often swim?[2]What are they doing now?[3]Are you a student or a teacher?[4]Our classroom is bright, isn't it?让学生口头辨别它们各是什么疑问句？各种疑问句有何特征？通过实例比较与辨别，学生就能从结构上很快掌握反意疑问句的特征，这不仅复习了反意疑问句，且顺带温习了其它三种疑问句形式，增强了学生对该结构的实际运用能力，可谓温故知新，为后面着重复习反意疑问句的用法作了铺垫。

　　二、用法归纳：

　　首先，我还是从“练”入手，用幻灯片出示教材中出现的反意疑问句，让学生用口头表达的形式，进行附加疑问句部分的填空。接着教师针对口头表达中出现的问题，进行了有的放矢的讲解，以简洁、明快的表述方法，用表格形式，归纳反意疑问句的用法及掌握好反意疑问句的关键。

　　[1]构成：

　　┌ 前肯，＋后否

　　陈述句 │ ？

　　└ 前否，＋后肯

　　┌ will you

　　祈使句，＋│ ？

　　└ shall we

　　[2]用法：

　　a.时态、人称、数、前后一致

　　b.肯定、否定形式前后相反

　　“一致”和“相反”用红粉笔标记。

　　三、特例运用：

　　A.注意人称代词的例外

　　[1]如果陈述句部分的主语是不定代词nothing, something, everything时，后反意部分主语用it，如：

　　Nothing is too easy in the world, is it?

　　[2]如果陈述句部分主语是不定代词everyone, nobody, somebody, someone时，后反意部分主语用they（当强 调全体时）或he （当强调个体时）。如：

　　No one knows him, do they?

　　Someone is waiting for you, isn't he?

　　[3]如果陈述部分主语是指示代词this，that，后用it；如果是指示代词these，those，则后用they。如：

　　This is a nice cap, isn't it?

　　These are boxes, aren't they?

　　[4]如果陈述部分是there be句型，后反意部分仍用there be句型。如：

　　There is nothing wrong with the clock, is there?

　　[5]如果主语是I’m，后反意部分用aren’t I或am’t I（或ain’t I，均为美国用法）如：I’m right, aren’t I?

　　[6]在祈使句的反意疑问句中，Let’s开头，后用shall we,其它情况用will you。

　　B.注意肯定否定形式的例外

　　如陈述句部分含有no, nobody, nothing, seldom, few, little, never, hardly, neither等否定词，及too…to 句型时，后反意部分用肯定式。如果陈述句部分含有un-，in-，dis-等表否定的词缀，后反意部分则用否定式 。如：

　　He has never been to Beijing, has he?

　　It is unfair, isn't it?

　　C.注意助动词的例外

　　如果动词think，believe，suppose带有宾语从句时，反意部分助动词肯定、否定形式要依从句而定。如：

　　l don't think he is right, is he?

　　四、综合操练：

　　教学当中尽量创设一定的语言环境，让学生在知识的运用方面，既掌握机械的语法规则，又能在口语表达中根据实际情况进行灵活运用，比如，在反意疑问句的复习过程中，我归纳了反意疑问句的语调问题，用箭头 表述：

　　[1]↓,↓?　[2]↓,→?

　　接着进行解说，然后针对中考题型，出几例口头练习，要求学生根据语气，选择升降调。

　　最后，教师用口诀形式归纳总结反意疑问句的要点：即：肯否交叉，二位一致；不管问法，事实回答。这样言简意赅，对整堂课有画龙点睛之妙。