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Unit 23 The find of the century

作者:未知来源:中央电教馆时间:2006/4/17 20:29:54阅读:nyq
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教学建议

  1.light the fire(=start a fire)意为点火;the fire out(=stop burning by blowing)意为熄火,把火吹灭;make a fire意为生火;catch(on)fire意为着火;set on fire或set fire to意为使着火,放火烧。如:
  We can’t light the fire as the firewood is wet.因为柴火潮湿,所以点不着。
  He blew the fire out,turned the light off and went out shopping.他熄了火,关了灯,就出去买东西了。
  They collected some firewood and made a fire to keep themselves warm.他们拾了一些柴火,生起火来取暖。
  First the curtain caught on fire and then the bedclothes.开始是窗帘着火,接着是床单烧着了。
  If I set fire to this book,it would burn.如果我放火烧书,它就会烧着。
  2.still(adv.)意为“安安静流地”、“一动不动地”,作方式状语。如:
The old man stood still by the window.老人一动不动地站在窗边。
  He lay still in bed and was deep in thought.他静静地躺在床上,陷入了沉思。
  3.with + n. ./ pron. + p. p. 表示状态、境况等。这种复合结构中的名词或代词是后面过去分词的动作对象。如:
  All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他关着门工作。
  Marcel painted her sitting in a chair with her hands folded.玛赛尔画她双手交叉坐在椅子上的形象。
  with + n./pron. + -ing/prep.phr./adv./to -v.都可以在句中作状语,表示方式、状态、情况、原因等。如:
  With winter coming on,it’s time to buy warm clothes.随着冬天来临,该买暖和衣服了。
  We sat on the grass with our backs to the wall.我们背对着墙,坐在草地上。
  With John away,we’ve got more room.由于约翰离开,我们的空间大了些。
  4.nor意为“也不”、“也没有”,引起分句时,要用倒装语序。如:
  He never went again,nor did he write to apologize.他再也没有来过,也没写信道歉。
  I don’t know,nor do I care.我不知道,也不在乎。
  Neither of them knew where I would go,nor(did they know)when I would start.他们谁也不知道我要去哪里,也不知道我什么时候动身。
  5.expense(n.)意为花费,费用(总称)时,是不可数名词;意为一笔花费时,是可数名词。如:
  The expense of a good education is great.良好教育的花费昂贵。
  It’s a great expense to have the whole house painted.粉刷整个房屋要花很大一笔钱。
  词组 at someone’s expense意为花费某人的钱。如:
  He had his book published at his own expense.他自费出书。
  They dined in a restaurant at my expense.他们由我付帐在餐馆吃饭。
  词组at great/little/almost no expense意为花了很多(很少,几乎没有)钱。如:
  We had it repaired at great/ little expense.我们请人修理它,花了很多(很少)钱。
  6.inspire(vt,)意为鼓囊,鼓励,还常接复合其语。如:
  His speech inspired us to try again.他的发言鼓励我们再试。
  I was inspired to work harder.我被鼓励更努力工作。
  7.词组no more than意为只不过,强调少的含义,而词组not more than意为不多于,只是客观说明数目,不强调多少。如:
  The boy is no more than 15 years old.男孩只有十五岁。
  The boy is not more than 15 years old.男孩不超过十五岁。
  8.表示动作特别是持续动作的动词如work,study,live等可以用一般时态,也可以用进行时态,而表示短暂动作的瞬间动词如begin,close,jump等通常用一般时态,而不用进行时态。如:
  Suddenly it began to rain.突然下起雨来。(用一般过去时,不宜用Suddenly it was beginning to rain.)
  Hearing the good news,we jumped for joy. 听到好消息,我们高兴得跳了起来。(用一般过去式,不宜用Hearing the good news,we were jumping for joy.)
但有些表示短暂动作的瞬间动词可以用进行时态表示“逐渐”、“重复”、“即将”等含义。如:
  We were beginning to get tired.我们开始感到疲乏。(此句意思是:We were gradually getting tired.)
  He is jumping up and down.他在跳上跳下。(用进行时态表示动作重复)
  The train is arriving.火车就要到了。(用进行时态表示即将发生的行为)
  9.某些表示状态和感觉的动词如be,see,love,hear,like,hate,need,guess,mean等一般不能用于进行时态,因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但如果词义转变为正在进行的动作,则可用进行时态。如:
  Do yon see anyone over there?你看到附近有人吗?(表示感觉,用一般时态)
  We are seeing Mr Li off.我们在为李先生送行。(表示正在进行动作,用进行时态)
  I hear someone singing an English song.我听到有人在唱英语歌曲。(表示感觉,用一般时态)
  We are hearing an English talk.我们正在听英语报告。(表示正在进行动作,用进行时态)
  10.get sth.going意为使某物开始活跃,开始工作(casue sth.to be active,working,etc.)。如:
  Getting the factory going in these hard times is almost impossible.在这个困难时期,想把这家工厂搞活是不可能的。
  It’s difficult to get the car going on cold mornings.冷天的早晨很难把汽车发动起来。
  get sth. going实际上是get + n./pron.+ -ing结构,意为使某人(某物)正在做某事,发生某情况,动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。如:
  The lecture soon got us thinking.报告使我们反复思考。
  How can we get things moving?我们如何才能使事情有进展?
  We got him talking about his war experiences.我们要他谈自己的战争经历。
  11.现在完成进行时由have/has + been + -ing形式构成,表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这动作可能刚结束,也可能会继续下去,并可能延续到将来。如:
  I’ve been sitting here for half an hour.(相当于:I sat down here an hour ago,and I’m still sitting here.)我在这儿坐了有半个不时了。(半小时前开始坐在这儿,现在仍坐着)
  They have been studying French since they came to this school.(相当于:They began to study French when they came to this school.They’re still studying French now and will go on studying French.)他们进校以来一直在学习法语。(从进校开始学法语,现在仍在学,而且将继续学下去)
  但是某些动词如live,study,work,teach等用现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意思差不多。如:
  How long have you been living in Beijing?(或者:How long have you lived in Beijing?)你在北京住多久了?

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