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1. Apart from their
milk, the wool from their coats is used
in expensive clothing. 除了羊奶外,山羊绒可用来制作昂贵的服装。
1)apart from除了(包括在内),相当于besides。如:
Apart from maths, she is good at English.
He has no other interests, apart from
his work.
Last night 48 persons were arrested
besides( apart from) your son.
2) except 除……之外(不包括在内)。如:
She is good at all the subjects except
English.
注意:except 不可放在句首。
2.apart from,except for,except,but for,besides
l)apart from在表“除……外”时相当于except for,但apart
from表“除……之外还”之意。另外,apart from,except
for,but for都可用于句首,但except不能。如:
Except or(= Apart from)John,everyone
was resent.除约翰外,所有的人都出席了。
In the air there is hydrogen apart
from(= besides)oxygen.空气中除了氧,还有氢。
2)except“除……”(含不包括其后的宾诺),besides除了……还(含包括其后的宾语)。另外,besides还可作副词“并且,而且”。如:
He answered all the questions except
the last one.除了最后一个问题外,所有的问题他都回答了。
Does John know any other foreign languages
besides French?除了懂法语之外,约翰还懂其他外语吗?
3)but for常用于“如果不是由于……”(= If it were
not for…或 If It had not been for…)。如:
But for you immediate help, I would
not have finished the task. 如果不是你的及时帮助,
我是不可能完成此项任务的。
3. The language which the Maori speak
is related to the languages of Tahiti
and Hawaii.毛利人所说的语言与塔希提岛和夏威夷的语言有关联。
1) be related to与……有关系,和……有联系。如:
Dutch language is closely related
to German.
This fact is related to that one.
Supply is related to demand.
2) relate(把……联系起来)的派生词有relational,(关系,亲属),relative(相对的,亲属),relativity(相对性)。如:
The relation of mother and child is
the closest.
There is no relation between these
two things.
He is a near relation/relative of
mine.
I have no relations/relatives in Beijing.
4. thread,line,cord,rope
thread,(针)线,纱。line线;系;绳;电线。cord细绳;粗线。rope绳;索。He
tied his horse to a tree with a rope.
Is sewed on the buttons with a piece
of thread.
The storm blew the lines down.
He tied up the thief with a cord.
5. tour,visit,journey,trip,travel,voyage
tour“参观,观光,周游,巡回旅行”,常是访问一系列地方后又回到原出发地。visit作“参观,访问”时常是提前计划好的,具有一定的正式性。journey常指时间和距离都较长的陆路“旅行”,不含回到原出发地之意。trip常含短期短程的旅行,目的可以是公事或娱乐,常回到原出发地。travel常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去,不强调具体的目的地,指具体的旅行时常用复数,单数一般指“旅行”的抽象概念。journey主要指不论路长短的水上或空中的“旅行”。试比较:
He came back home after years of foreign
travel.
We seamen had pleasant weather at
sea,the greater part of the voyage.
We will have a comfortable voyage
to the Far East by air.
Travel is much cheaper than it used
to be.
They'll make a journey through the
continent.
These two young men have just completed
a cycling tour of the USA.
宾语
宾语是本单元系统复习的语法知识的主要内容。宾语主要可以分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果,如:I
didn’t meet her last week.(宾语是承受者)/He
hasn’t made a decision until now.(宾语是结果)间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,如:Did
you tell him that?(him为动作的对象,that为动作的内容;him为间接宾语,
that为直接宾语)/Can you buy me a Walkman?(buy
me表不“为我买”)
在英语中,宾语的表示方式有:1.名词;2.代词;3.数词;4.名词化的形容词;5.动名词及其短语;6.不定式及其短语;7.复合结构;8.宾语从句。在这些表达方式当中,最应该注意的是复合结构作宾语的构成,它们是:(l)名词(代词)、不定式(2)名词(代词)+分词(3)名词(代词)+名词。