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词语辨析
mad, crazy
二者均表示“病狂”。
mad着重指疯者癫狂之态,含有完全大会理智而不能自制,极度的愚蠢或轻率之意;
crazy常指出由于一时的忧、喜、激励等强烈情绪而引起的短暂的心神错乱或失去自控能力。
Crossing the Pacific on a raft seemed mad.乘木筏横渡太平洋似乎是癫狂的。
She is nearly crazy with fear.她吓得几乎发疯。
fortune, luck
二者均表示“运气”,但各有所指。
fortune指对的好坏的运气均可,又特指“命运之神”。
luck属日常用语,指好的或坏的运气均可,又特指好的运气。
Fortune is easily found,but hard to be kept.找到幸福容易,维持幸福困难。
It was my fortune to do that.我做那事是很幸运的。
Wish you good luck.祝你好运。
I had the luck to find him at home.我幸好在家里找到他。
strength,power,force
这组词均指“为了一个目的作出努力的能力”。
strength意为“力气、力量”,指人或物内在的力量,这力量可以从事、完成、忍受或抵制许多事情。如:
power是个通用词,指各种“力”,具体的物质力量或抽象的精神、道德力量。
force指为了做、实现、完成某事而使出的力气。
That will add strength to your argument.那会增加你的辩论的力量。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
in peace; at peace
in peace的意思是peacefully,指人“平平安安地”做某事;后接with sb. 指“与某人和睦相处”,在句中多作状语。
at peace的意思是in a state of friendship,指“处于和平局面的;友善的”,反义词是at war“交战”;与with连用,表示“与……和平相处”,在句中多作表语,也可作状语。
He is sleeping in peace. 他安然而睡。
The two countries are at peace. 两国现在和平相处。
fall in love with , be in love with
l)fall in love with该短语是一个非延续性的动词短语,常译作“爱上了”;
be in love with表示“与……恋爱”,“与……相爱观常用 be in love with。
①What are you going to do if he falls in love with another woman? 要是他爱上了另一个女人,你该怎么办呢?
2)How long has he been in love with Betty? 他与贝蒂相爱有多久了?
eager, anxious
eager该词作“full of,showing strong desire热切的;渴望的”解。指一种积极热情或怀有强烈兴趣而又迫切希望实现愿望的心情,含有急不可耐的意思。
anxious该词是指feeling anxiety; troubled 忧虑的;担心的;strongly wishing 渴望的;切望。anxious表示热切地希望实现愿望,但同时又害怕愿望受阻而顾虑重重。它强调的是焦虑中的热切期望。
I am not eager to get a new car now; the prices have gone up. 现在我不急于买新车,价格上涨了。
He was anxious to please his guests. 他极想使客人们高兴(又怕他们不高兴)。
动词--ing形式作定语和状语
形式:分词具有形容词和副词的句法功能,具有动词的一些特征。动词--ing形式作定语和状语时,有时式和语态的变化。分词的形式如下:
本单元着重讲了现在分词作定语和状语的用法。
1 作定语
A little child learning to walk often falls.
学走路的小孩常常跌倒。
2 作状语
形式:动词--ing形式作状语是,有一般式(V-ing),被动式(being done) 和完成式(having done).例如:
Being sick I stayed at home.
我因病待在家中。(现在分词常表原因)
Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.
有一堵厚墙挡着,他们感到很安全。(原因状语)
Having worked for four hours, she stopped to have her meal.
她干了四个小时后停下来吃饭。(时间状语)
根据分词动作发生的时间关系以及与主语的关系来确定用哪一种形式。例如:
He sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper.
他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。(表伴随情况)
Having had supper, we went for a walk.
吃过了晚饭我们出去散步。(时间状语)
动词的--ing形式可以作时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、伴随状语。
Exercising every morning, you will improve your health.
如果每天做早操,你的健康会好转。(条件状语)
His parents died, leaving him a lot of money.
他的父亲死了,给他留下很多钱。(结果状语)
They were sitting by the window, talking about what happened yesterday.
他们坐在窗户边,谈论着昨天发生的事。(伴随状语)
注意:动词--ing形式的位置,一般原因状语、时间状语、条件状语宜放在句首,而结果状语宜放在句末,伴随状语前后不限。
[例] 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
________ (work) for five years in the countryside, he is now used to ________(do) physical labor.
_________(not see ) him before. I did not recognize him.
I met an ________(amaze) tall girl this morning.
The old man sat reading, with his dog ________(sleep) beside him.
________(encourage) by the teacher, the boy did the experiment again.
The car stopped, there ________(be) no oil in the tank.
参考答案:
1. Having worked, doing 2. Not having seen 3. amazing
4. sleeping 5. Encouraged 6. being