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当前位置:Unit 16 The football match
作者：未知来源：中央电教馆时间：2006/4/17 20:29:53阅读：nyq
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教学建议（一）
教材内容的分析
本单元是围绕足球赛这个话题展开的，学习了如何谈论足球比赛，以及一些与足球比赛相关的实际用语。本单元的语法项目还仍旧是过去完成时态，通过一般过去时态与过去完成时态的比较，在第十四单元学过的基础上，进一步归纳总结了过去完成时态。它表示在过去某一时间之前发生的动作或状态；表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态；在复合句中表示两个动作的先后关系。认真学习“Girls beat boys”，掌握重点词汇和习惯用语的用法。本单元还要求我们继续进行书写日记的写作训练。同时，还要掌握英文书信的书写格式。
本单元重点例句及相关知识分析
1．Do you like watching or playing football?
你是喜欢足球，还是喜欢踢足球？
本句是选择疑问句，选择疑问句回答方式如下：
（1）“What would you like to have, coffee, tea or milk?”“None”．
“你要喝什么，咖啡、茶还是牛奶？””都不要。”（三者以上都不）
（2）“Who are you going to see, John or Bill？”“John．”
“你要去见谁，约翰还是比尔？”“见约翰。”（只选其中之一）
（3）“What would you like, rice or noodles?”“Either.”
“你要吃什么，米饭还是面条？”“随便。”（表示其中任何一个都行）
（4）“Do you want this book or that one?”“你要这本书，还是那本书？”
“I want both．”“两本我都要。”（两者都要）
注：两者都不要用neither，三者以上都要用all。
2. He said he had never seen such an exciting match before. 他说在以前他从来没有看见过这么激动的比赛。
句中such是形容词，意思是“这样，那样”，加强语气，表示惊奇的情绪，跟形容词连用。such an exciting match 相当于so exciting a match (这么激动的比赛)。如：
It was such a lovely day.相当于It was so lovely a day. 那是一个非常美好的日子。
I have never seen such a large one. 相当于I have never seen so large a one . 我从没有见过这样大的东西。
3. In a surprising result, the No .69 Middle School girls’ football team yesterday beat their school’s boys’ team. 报出冷门，第69 中学女子足球队战胜了他们学校的男子足球队。
句中beat 是动词，意思是“连续地打; 打败; 敲打”。beat后可接人或队名。意思是“击败对手。”如：
I can beat you at swimming. 游泳我比得过你。
The wheat was beaten down by the rain. 麦子被雨水打得倒伏了。
The rain beat against the window. 雨水打在窗户上。
beat 与win、hit的区别：
win意思是“赢得某个项目”，后面常接“match, game”。如：
He won a game. 他胜一局。
We won a match. 我们比赛得胜。
The boys were winning 2-0. 男孩们正以2比0获胜。
hit意思是“击中”（有时可表示“打一下”）。如：
The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈妈生气，打了她孩子一下。
4. We all thought this would be an easy game. 我们都原以为这是一场容易的比赛。
句中的thought 是动词，意思是“原想；以为”。这是虚拟语气，注意从句用过去时，“表示结果不是这样”。如：
I thought he was a clever boy. 我原以为他是个聪明的男孩。（ 他其实并不聪明）
区别：I think he is a clever boy. 我认为他是个聪明的男孩。（他很可能是聪明的）
5. He thought the girls deserved to win. 他认为女队应该赢。
（1）deserve应该得到、值得，其后可带名词或不定式作宾语。
例：Good work deserves good pay. 好的工作应得好的报酬。
（2）deserve不能用于进行时态；deserving是个形容词，解释“值得的”，常与of连用。
例：be deserving of sympathy 值得同情。
6. His excellent shot went low to the left of the girls’ goal. 他以一脚刁钻的地滚球射向女队球门的左边。
句中low是副词，意思是“低下地，近地平线地”。如：
The sun sank low. 太阳西下接近地平线。
He spoke low just now. 刚才他低声讲话。
7. However ,after that the boys became relaxed and lazy, but the girls carried on working hard.然而，男队变得松懈和懒散，而女队却继续拼搏。
句中carried on working hard 相当于carried on with the work hard意思是“继续努力工作”。如：
He told them to carry on the work. 他叫他们继续工作。
carry on意思是“经营；继续”。如：
He carried on business for many years in HK. 他在香港经营商业多年。
They decided to carry on in spite of the weather．不管天气如何他们决定继续做下去。
Rising costs made it hard to carry on the business．上涨的成本使得生意难做。
8. Then Li Xiaolin scored twice in the last six minutes to make the final score 4-3.
于是，在结束的前六分钟，李小琳第二次进球将比分锁定在4比3。
句中final 是形容词，意思时“最后的”。如：
The final game of the football will begin. 足球决赛将开始。
The final unit of the book is Unit18. 本书最后一单元是18单元。
9. I guess the girls are very pleased with themselves. 我猜女队对她们自己是非常满意的。
句中be pleased with意思是“对……高兴；对于……满意”。如：
I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的一切非常满意。
We’re quite pleased with your success. 我为你的成功十分高兴。
10. At half time, Miss Wang told us,“From now on, just keep passing the ball and play together as a team.” 在半场（休息）时，王老师告诉我们，“从现在起，就要坚持传球，作为一个队整体配合。”
＊ 句中from now no 是介词短语，意思是“从现在起”。如：
We should study still harder from now on. 今后我们应更加努力地学习。
＊ 句中keep passing 是动词短语，意思是“坚持传……”。keep doing侧重表示“持续不停地做某事”或“持续某种状态”。如：
The girl kept crying all the time. 那个女孩一直在哭。
The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。
而keep on doing 表示“总不断做某事”，不表示静止状态。不能与sitting、sleeping、lying、standing这类词连用。如：
It kept on raining for seven days. 雨持续下了七天。
Don’t keep on asking such silly questions. 不要老问这些怪问题。
11. I expect that was funny. 我料想那是有趣的。
句中expect 是动词，意思是“认为；料想”是虚拟语气。如：
I expect that he went to town yesterday. 我以为他明天进城去。
— Will he be late ? — 他会不会迟到？
— I expect so. — 我想会的。
I don’t expect so. 相当于I expect not. 我想不会的。
12. …and it’s quite easy for players to get hurt．……运动员受伤是很容易的。
get, turn, become三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化；turn强调色彩的变化；而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如：
（1）The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．
冬天的白天越来越短。
（2）She couldn’t answer the question and her face turned red．
她回答不出问题，脸红了。
（3）-- How long have you been a teacher？-- For ten years.
你当老师有多长时间了？十年了。
When did you become a teacher? – Ten years ago.
你什么时候当的老师？十年前。
教学建议（二）
过去完成时的教学建议
本书第54课中对过去完成时的结构已有阐述，本单元着重讲解过去完成时的使用场合。
讲解完成后，学生应能够对过去完成时有一个比较完整明确的概念。
1．教学by与before这两个介词所表达的时间概念
过去时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间发生的动作，过去完成时则是表示过去某一时间
之前已经发生或完成的动作，即俗称的“过去的过去”。“by+某时”是“到了某时已经……”的意思；“before+某时”是“在……时以前”的意思。教学中可考虑创造些情景，并借助时
间轴来帮助理解。
情景l Jane was busy yesterday. She was working in her
office all evening. Her friends Mary and Jack came
to visit her. They were waiting in her house the whole
evening. Jane finished her work at last. She came
home at nine. But Mary and Jack had left her house
before nine. They didn't see each other. What a pity!
此番情景可以用时间轴来表示， 在轴上标出说话时间，过去 (即Jane came home的时间)，过去的过去(即Mary and Jack left的时间)。将句子写在黑板上，并用彩色笔标出at与before两个词。
Jane came home at nine.
Mary and Jack had left her house before nine.
帮助学生理解at nine，在九点；before nine，九点前就…… (动词要用过去完成时)
情景2 Meimei and I were making dumplings for supper yesterday.
We decided to have a contest to see who could make
dumplings faster. We started our contest at 5 o'clock
and stopped it at 5 :15. At 5 :5, Meimei was making
her 24th dumpling. By that time I had already finished
27 dumplings. I won!
用时间轴表示出时间关系，在黑板上写出句子，说明at 5:15(在五点一刻)；by that time，(到五点一刻时为止)。
At 5:15, Meimei was making her 24th dumpling.
By that time I had already finished 27 dumplings. (动词用过去完成时)
情景3 要求学生就情景3讲出一个用过去完成时造出的句子。West Hill Farm is a
beautiful place and there are many sheep, cows, dogs
and horses there. I like to go there very much. In
the autumn of 1995, I went there for the first time.
Last year, I went there twice with my parents. So
by the end of last year .... 让学生自己续完句子：
By the end of last year, I had been to West Hill Farm three times.
情景4 Lucy and Lily went to West Hill Farm yesterday. They were helping a farmer do the farm work in the morning. At that time he was in town. He came back at noon and found…
替换词：
milk the cows / by noon take the sheep to the fields / by noon
give the horses their food / by noon clean the pigsty / by noon
2．教学中提醒学生注意主句和从句中谓语动词所表示的动作发生的先后。在已经学过的带有宾语从句和状语从句的复合句中，经常存在先后两个动作。先发生的动作往往用过去完成时，后发生的动作用过去时。如：He said that he had already watched the football match.句中看球赛的动作发生在他说话之前 ，即他说话时看球赛的动作已经完成 。又如：When I got to the station, the train had already left. 火车离开的动作发生在我到达车站之前。
关于阅读训练的教学建议
第16单元第62课与63课讲述了一场男队和女队之间的足球赛的故事。两篇课文上下承接，可利用一课时的时间，把这两篇课文作为一篇阅读文章来学习。内容除了一些生词外，复习了过去完成时的语法项目。对于这样的语篇，可以通过教学设计，提高学生的阅读文章的兴趣，并理解各种体育运动的现场讲述的技巧。并在课堂练习或课后练习时，再阅读其他小短文，练习一下所学的方法。进而融会贯通，反复进行阅读和演练，达到口述某事经过的要求。
阅读前，看图，让学生谈一谈是否参加或观看过足球赛，Have you ever played or watched the football match? When and Where? 当时赛况如何？What about the score?
阅读时，让学生默读课文一遍，做课后的习题或相关练习。再观看或听本课的影片或录音Girls beat boys，找出答案。提供足球场上队员的位置示意图，提出更难一些的问题，如：请按顺序复述由哪几个人踢进的球，这些球是如何破门的？教练们是如何评价各队球员的？前后半场的比赛有什么不同？各队队员的表现如何？等。
G. K Goal keeper 守门员
再读课文，让同学们回答问题，并将事件的经过用几句话总结一下。
阅读后, 总结一下，男队为什么会被打败？这场球赛给了我们什么启示？
课后完成阅读训练题How Sam Grew和The Younger Brother
关于写作训练的教学建议
第16单元第64课提供了一篇日记，一封信件，都是谈论有关足球赛的话题。学习这两篇文章后，可进行相关的写作训练。同时复习信件与日记的写作格式。
复习信件的格式如下：
l．右上角是写信人的地址和写信日期(Heading )。地址应从小写到大，这与中文不同，中文是先写国名，省名，市名，再写区名，楼号和门号；英语则相反，从门号写起，直到国名。地址下面要写上日期。
2．对收信人的称呼(Salutation )。一般的称呼前都要用Dear，如果是上司或长辈，较为郑重的情况应在Dear之后加上Mr.，Mrs.，Ms，Miss，然后再用对方的姓氏；如果是较为平等或亲近的关系，则可以在Dear后面直呼其名。
3．内容(Body)。这是信件的主体，与中文写信一样，应明白通顺，对亲近的人可选用轻松、诙谐、随便一些的口吻，对陌生或较远的人可选用郑重的口吻。
4．签名 (Signature)。签名前应写上Yours，Sincerely yours一类的字样。
第64课第3部分是一篇格式很标准的书信，可考虑让学生阅读之后，模仿Wu Nai的口气给Andy写一封回信，写一写这场比赛的情况。
日记的格式要求参照第64课。足球是一种集体运动项目。它要求所有的队员团结友爱，齐心合力，发扬团队精神。学生之间的比赛既可以促进竞争，又为大家提供了一个很好的学习和交往的好条件和环境，请根据下面的要求，写一篇日记。写作时应当尽力体现以上体育精神。
[比赛情况]
1、时间：九月十六日。地点：操场。天气：晴。
2、人物：你们班与12中学代表队踢一场足球赛。
3、结果你们班以五比三获胜。
[范文]
September 16 sunny
Today I had a quick breakfast and then went to school in a hurry because we had the last match in the league. I found it difficult to work in class because I kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon.
School ended a little earlier. We would play against the team from No.12 Middle School. The team from No. 12 Middle School was very big and strong, and our team felt a little afraid of them because we were neither very big nor very strong. But we were sure we were a good team and we could beat them because we played together very well. The other team had some very good players, but they did not have very good teamwork. We played as well as we could all the time. We played as our PE teacher told us-teamwork. We often passed the ball to each other and they could not get the ball. Later they felt angry and it helped us a lot. At last we won 5-3.
We were very glad and said “Congratulations” to each other and all the students in our class were very excited. We had a good party for the winners later in the day.
此文符合日记格式要求，语言规范，叙事完整，字里行间充分体现了同学间的团结合作，真诚友爱精神。团队精神是本文的主线，也正是由于这一点，作者所在的代表队才取得了胜利。