以下为课件内提取的文本内容，仅供参考：

虚拟语气 

( Subjunctive Mood )

语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度,而且在谓语动词上有所体现。语气分三种:陈述语气;祈使语气;虚拟语气。

1. 陈述语气多见于大多数句子里, 用来陈述事实或就事实提出询问, 广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。

He could swim, but he didn’t jump into the water to save the boy.

2. 祈使语气仅用于祈使句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求，劝告或命令。

Shut the window before leaving.

3. 虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等。

If I were a bird, I should fly in the sky.

一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用

二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用

三. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用

四. 虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的

使用

五. 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用

六. 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用

七. 虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用

八. 虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望

一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用

如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。

1．与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式

从句：过去式（be只用were）

主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形

If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.

If he came here, he might be able to help you.

高考例题

1） (1984年高考) If there were no subjunctive mood, English____ much easier.

A. will be B. would have been

C. could have been D. would be

答案: D

2．与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式

从句：had + p.p.

主句：would(should/ could / might)+have + p.p.

She should have gone to the party if she had been invited.

If she hadn’t called me, I should have overslept this morning.

2） (1993年高考) If he _______, he _____ that food. Luckily, he was sent

to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take

B. had been warned; would not have

taken

C. would be warned; had not taken

D. would have warned; had not taken

答案: B

3．与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式

从句：过去式或should / were to+动词原形

主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形

If I were to be 20 years old next year, I should take the course of computer science.

If it should fail, I would try again.

What would happen if the earth stopped turning?

3） If he ___________ tomorrow, he would find Mr. Wang in the office.

A. comes B. will come

C. should come D. come

答案: C

注：1。在if引导的非真实条件句中，if可以省略，但是需要倒装（从句位于主句前）

If he had been warned, he would not have taken that food.

=Had he been warned, he would not have taken that food.

What would happen if the earth

stopped turning?

=What would happen if the earth were to / should stop turning?

=Were the earth to stop turning, what would happen?

=Should the earth to stop turning, what would happen?

4）________ he would have succeeded in the examination.

A. Had he worked hard

B. If he worked hard

C. If he works hard

D. If he has worked hard

答案: A

2．某些介词without / but for等或连词 otherewise等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语

气。

Without air, we would not live even for five minutes.

=If there were no air, we would not live even for five minutes.

But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.

=If it had not been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.

Jack can’t have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephone me.

=Jack can’t have arrived yet; if he had arrived, he would have telephone me.

5） (1991年高考) Without electricity human life _______ quite different today.

A. is B. will be

C. would have been D. would be

答案: D

6） (2001年上海春招) He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal.

A. had scored B. scored

C. would score D. would have

scored

答案: D

3．当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。

1）过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为过去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相反的说法。

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.

2）现在时与过去时混合使用。

If he could pass the exam now, he would have passed it last time.

3）现在时与将来时混合使用。

If he were here now, he was to start off with

us tomorrow.

7）(2002年上海) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _______ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen

C. should fall D. were to fall

答案: B

8）(1995年高考) When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________.

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had been broken

答案: C

二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用

1．在动词order / demand / insist / command / advise / suggest / request / require / decide / ask等词后的宾语从句中谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。

Jane’s uncle insisted that she not stay in the hotel.

The workers requested that their working conditions be improved.

注：这些词的后面有时也不用虚拟语气。

Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill.

He insisted that he was right.

9）(1987年高考) The judge ordered that the thief _______ punished.

A. would be B. should be

C. was to be D. must be

答案: B

10）(1997年高考) Jane’s pale face suggested that she _______ ill, and her parents suggested that she ________ a medical examination.

A. be; should have B. was; have

C. should be; had D. was; has

答案: B

2．动词wish的宾语从句的谓语动词与条件从句的谓语动词形式一样，即：现在使用过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。

I do wish that I could help you.

I wish I had known the answer to the question.

高考例题

11） (2002年上海春招) How I wish every family _______ a large house with a beautiful garden!

A. has B. had

C. will have D. had had

答案: B

12） (1988年高考) I wish I ________ you yesterday.

A. seen B. did seen

C. had seen D. were to see

答案: C

2. It + be + important / desirable (理想的) / better / strange / necessary / surprising / …+that从句 (should +动词原形)

It is necessary that you (should) be present at the discussion.

3. It is a pity / a matter of regret / wonder / shame+ +that从句 (should +动词原形)

4. It is (high / about ) time + that 从句(动词用一般过去时态)

It is time we left.

= It is time for us to leave.

It is high time that he began to think how to deal with money.

例题

13) It is desirable that the plane _______ as light as possible.

A. was B. be C. is D. were

答案: B

三. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用

1. It + be + suggested / ordered / demanded / required / requested / planned / arranged / …+that从句 (should +动词原形)

It was suggested that Jane (should) have a medical examination.

14）It is high time that we ________ to school.

A. would go B. went

C. will go D. had gone

答案: B

15） I would rather that you _______ right away.

A. leave B. left

C. will leave D. should live

答案: B

四. 虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用

名词suggestion / proposal(建议) / order / advice / demand 等可以接名词性从句,从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气, (should )+动词原形.

My suggestion is that you (should) send a few soldiers to help them.

He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once.

例题

16）Their demand is that their wages _______ increased by 20%.

A. be B. should

C. will be D. must be

答案: A

17）The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ________ two weeks to prepare for the exam.

A. give B. should give

C. be given D. would be given

答案: C

五. 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用

关联词有as if / as though (用法与wish后的宾语从句相同,即: 现在使用过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。

They look rather puzzled as if they didn’t know anything about it.

高考例题

18）(1993年高考) The two strangers talked as if they ________ friends for years.

A. should be B. would be

C. have been D. had been

答案: D

六. 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用

由so that / in order that / for fear that(以免)引导的从句中谓语动词常使用情态动词may / might / can / could 等.

I got there earlier than usual so that I could be the first one to enter the church.

He tried his best to study in order that he might pass the exams.

例题

19）The emperor gave the two cheats some gold in order that they ________ their work at once.

A. may begin B. can begin

C. might begin D. should begin

答案: C

七. 虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用

even if / even though 引导的让步状语从句,若表示与事实相反,其动词用虚拟语气形式,主从句中的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同.

Even if / Even though I were rich, I would work.

They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.

例题

20）Even if he _________ here, he could not solve the problem.

A. was B. were

C. had been D. has been

答案: B

八. 虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望

1.祝愿句常用动词原形或may引导的倒装句.

God bless you! = May God bless you!

例题

21） ______ you enjoy many years of health and happiness.

A. Wish B. Hope

C. Expect D. May

答案: D

2.if only 可表示现在或过去不可能实现的一种愿望, if only 后用动词的过去时或过去完成时.

If only he had seen me!

If only that photo weren’t missing!

高考例题

22) ( 2000上海) If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie

答案: C