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Unit 8 First Aid(Word study and grammar)

Language study(P61)

Word study

1 Fill in the blank with words in the text.

1 The front part of the body between the neck and the stomach is called the ______________.

2 To ___________ is to make a loud, long and sharp cry.

3 She shouted at me, but I tried to keep ________ an ignore her.

4 When a doctor takes a person’s ________, he usually puts his finger on the wrist to feel the heart beat.

5 A __________ is a large piece of woven material that people use to stay warm.

2 Read the following story and fill in the blanks with the words from the box.

Bleeding response aid slightly would recovery

rolling ambulance

Peter was walking back home from school, thinking about the class today. It was about giving first _________ .suddenly he saw a young girl lying on the ground. She seemed to be asleep, but Peter saw that her face was very pale. He walked up to the girl and called softly,”Miss? Miss?” She moved _________, but gave no clear _______. He put his hand under her nose. Yes, she was still breathing. Then he suddenly saw that there was a __________ on her left leg, and blood was flowing out. She might have been hit by a car or a motorcycle. He knew what he should do next. He dialed”120” and called a(n) _____________. Whiling waiting for it, he took out his handkerchief and tried to stop the _________. Then he put the girl in the ____________ position by ________ her onto one side and placing her left upper arm under her chin. “she’ll be all right,” he thought when the ambulance arrived five minutes later.

P132 1 Fill in the blank with the words below. You may change the form if necessary.

calm slight sudden witness loose panic bite tap

1 Staying _________ in an emergency and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death.

2 The middle-aged man died of a _______ heart attack. His death shocked all his family.

3 A mouse ________ the little boy on the arm when he tried to catch it.

4 They ran away in such a ________ that they dropped their bags and shoes.

5 Don’t worry about me. I’ve just got a ________ headache.

6 The sweeter does not fit you; it is too __________.

7 A man who ________ the accident said that the car was going at nearly 100 km per hour when it crashed.

8 Remember to turn off the __________ after you wash you hands.

2 There is one error in each of the following sentences. Find and correct it.

1 If we know more about giving the first aid, we may help people in an emergency.

2 A drowned man is screaming for help in the river.

3 Knocked down by a car, he was bled to death.

4 Help, the baby is choked on some candy!

5 My pen has run out inks. Can you lend me some?

6 She witnessed to the traffic accident and reported it to the nearest police station.

7 Where is the wound? Let me check them.

8 The car rolled over the bridge. Call for a ambulance!

3 translate the following sentences into English

1 这栋房子昨晚失火了，是小孩玩火引起的。 （catch fire）

2 我不相信你在读报，因为你把报纸拿倒了。（upside down）

3 开车一定要小心。记住———任何一个小疏忽都有可能导致交通事故（keep in mind）

4 这出戏是为了纪念那些在火灾事故中遇难的消防员们。（in honor of )

5 外出旅游时最好带上手机，以防出现紧急情况。（in case of)

6 购物时要想省钱又省时间，最好预先把要买的东西列在一张清单上。（ a list of）

7 他翻过身，换了个舒服的姿势。（roll over)

语气是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度，是一种动词形式。英语中的语气有三种：

1 陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。

日本东邻中国。

Japan lies on the east of China.

鱼儿离不开水。

The fish is not alive without water.

2 祈使语气（the Imperative Mood）用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。

不要着急。

Don’t be worry.

3 虚语语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。

如果他在这儿，他就会同意我的意见。

If he had been here, he would have agreed with me.

我希望我能飞。

I wish I could fly.

虚拟语气的用法

一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。

条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的。句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用陈述语气。

你如果把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。

Oil floats if you pour it on water.

假若明年我有钱，我就去日本。

If I have enough money next year, I will go to Japan.

非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的， 句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气。

1 表示跟现在事实相反

从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），构成If I （we, you, he, they）＋动词过去式的形式；主句的谓语用would（第二、三人称）/should（第一人称）/might/could＋动词原形。

要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。

If I were you, I should (would, could, might)tell him the truth.

如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。

If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.

要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没有问题了。

If my brother were here, everything would be all right.

2 与过去的事实相反

从句的谓语用had＋过去分词，构成If I (we, you, he, they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/might have ＋动词过去分词。

如果你仔细一点， 这个错误是可以避免的。

If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.

昨晚如果有时间，我就会来看你的。

If I had time last night, I should have come to see you.

假如受过良好的教育，他就不会表现成那样。

He would never have behaved like that if he had had a good education.

假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。

If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time.

3 与将来事实相反

从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) ＋动词过去式或were to do 或should do 形式，主句谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/ might ＋动词原形。

假如他来了， 我们对他说什么呢？

If he were to come, what should we say to him.

假如他看见我， 就会认识我。

If he should see me, he would know me.

假如我们爬上山顶，我们能有一个好的视野吗？

If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?

5 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。

If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.

假如我不忙，我家会来了。

If I were not busy, I would have come.

假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.

6 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词由with, without, but for等。

What would you do with a million dollars?=if you had a million dollars

4 If从句中若含有should, had 或者were，那么就可以把它们放在句首，与主语颠倒形成倒装，但动词过去式不可以与主语倒装。

如果他在，他会来帮助我们。

Were he here, he would come to help us.

假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇见她。

Had you been here just now, you would have met her.

假如我明天看见他，我就会告诉他关于这一切。

Should I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it.

假如你按照我说的去做，你就会成功。

Had you done as I told you, you would have succeeded.

We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (＝if we hadn’t got your help)

But for rain(=If it hadn’t been for the rain), we would have finished the work.

7 含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）

He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词）

A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句）

Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格结构）

二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

1 在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。

（1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）。

我希望知道这个问题的答案。

I wish I knew the answer to the question.

但愿北京全年是秋天。

I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.

她希望仍和祖母住在一起。

She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.

（2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。

我后悔不该花那么多钱。

I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.

他真希望没有失去机会。

He wishes he had not lost the chance.

（3）表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would＋动词原形”。

注意：主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动物名词除外）。

但愿雨能停止。

I wish it would stop raining.

但愿你立刻来。

I wish you would come soon.

2 在一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（order, command）,三个建议（ suggest, advice, propose）,四个要求（ ask,demand request, require）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。

我建议马上动身。

I suggest that we (should) set off at once.

学生们坚持要多上英语课。

The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.

3 在主语＋would (had) rather ＋that 宾语从句中，从句谓语用过去式表示虚拟形式。

我倒希望他们和我一起去。

I would rather they went with me.

三、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。

主语从句是It’s necessary (natural, important, strange, surprising, better, a pity, no wonder) ＋that时， 谓语的虚拟形式用 （should）＋原形动词或should＋have＋过去分词来表示。

高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。

It is necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language.

很遗憾他居然没有在。

It is a pity that he should be absent today.

我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。

It is important that we should speak politely.

注意：有些过去分词可以当形容词使用，在主语从句中要用虚拟语气，常见的有：desired, demanded, requested, suggested,required等。

四、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法。

在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“should＋动词原形”。

My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.

We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.

五、在It is (high) time (that)…的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式常用过去式或should＋动词原形（should不能省略），表示“现在该……”

我们该走了。

It is time we left.

六、 if only…表示一种假设情况，意思是“要是······就好了”，相当于主语＋wish。

要是今天是星期天就好了。

If only it were Sunday today.

要是他幽默点就好了。

If only he had a sense of humor.

七、由as if(as though) 或even though(even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had＋过去分词”。

他那样对待我，好像我式陌生人似的。

He treats me as if I were a stranger.

她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。

She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.

注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

八、虚拟语气用在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句中。

If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.

If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.

九、虚拟语气表示委婉语气的句型中。

It would be better for you not to do that.

Would you be so kind as to show me the way to the railway station.

十、 用于“may＋动词原形”表示“祝愿……”，may须置于句首。

May you succeed!

May you be happy!

P61 1Fill in the blanks with the words in brackets. You man change the form if necessary.

1 Our teacher suggested that we ____________(discuss) the question in groups of four.

2 If he had not made many mistake, he _________(pass) the test.

3 If you had gone to see the doctor earlier, you ________(fall) seriously ill.

4 If you had arrived at the airport ten minutes earlier, you ______(miss) the flight.

5 If you _______(be) here last night, you would have met the well-known cancer expert.

6 Someone recommended that the housing programme _______(carry out) soon after the conference.

7 If the little girl should take piano lessons, she _________(have) less free time.

8 If we had listened to her advice and brought a map with us, we_________(lose) our way.

9 If he ___________ (see) you yesterday, he would have told you.

10 If it were to rain tomorrow, we __________(go) for a picnic.

2 Join the pairs of sentence using the Subjunctive Mood.

1 The old man died of a sudden heart attack./ He was not sent to hospital in time.

2 The boy died of an electric shock./ He touched the electric wires.

3 The building had burnt down./ They did not fix the electric wires.

4 The woman was gas-poisoned./ She did not open the window while cooking.

5 The worker fell down the ladder and broke his leg./ He put the ladder on a wet floor.

6 The litter girl drowned./ She got too close to the lake.

7 The baby put small pieces of the toy in her mouth./ Her mother left them on the floor.

3 Find one error in each sentence and then correct it.

1 I don’t think it a good decision that he will be given this job since he has no experience at all.

2 If he didn’t choose to save the girl,he would not have died in the mountains.

3 If he hadn’t used his cellphone to make that SOS call, all the passengers on the boat would have left to die in the sea water, just like what happened to the people on the Titanic almost 100 years ago

4 If the poisoned girl was found two hours earlier, she could have been saved.

5 When Edison died, it was suggested that the American people turned off all power in their homes, streets and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.