遵义航天高级中学2015届高三上学期第四次模拟考试

英语试题

阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

　 Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely take trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.　　　Grown-ups can hardly find children’s game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple game again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinary afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.　　　It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.

4.Which is the best title for this passage?A. Rules in Children’s Games??B. Advantages of Playing Games for ChildrenC. Reasons for Children’s Games?D. How to Be a Popular Game Player

B

No one likes to make mistakes. But a new study says organizations learn more from their failures than from their successes, and keep that knowledge longer.　　　 One of the researchers was Vinit Desai, an assistant professor at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. He worked with Peter Madsen from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University in Utah.　　　 They did not find much long-term "organizational learning" from success. It is possible, they say But Professor Desai says they found that knowledge gained from failure lasts for years. He says organizations should treat failures as a learning opportunity and not try to ignore them．　　　? The study looked at companies and organizations that launch satellites一and other spacevehicles. Professor Desai compared two shuttle flights．　　　???In two thousand two, a piece of insulating（隔热的）material broke off, during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still, the flight was considered a success.　　　 Then, in early two thousand three, a piece of insulation struck the Columbia during launch. This time, the shuttle broke apart on re-entry and the seven crew members died. NASA officials suspended all flights and an investigation led to suggested changes.　　　???Professor Desai says the search for solutions after a failure can make leaders moreopen-minded. He points to airlines as an example of an industry that has learned from failures inthe past.　　　?? He advises organizations to look for useful information in small failures and failures they avoided. He also urges leaders to encourage the open sharing of information. The study appeared in the Academy of Management Journal　　　???The mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own. We recently asked people on our Facebook page to tell us a time they had done something really silly.　　　? Fabricio Cmino wrote: Not long ago I wanted to watch TV, but it wouldn't turn on, so I did everything I could to start it. Thirty minutes later my mum showed up and, passing by, said to me?"Did you try plugging it'? I’m just dusting，Mum！”So she wouldn't notice how dumb I amsometimes！　　　? Bruno Kanieski da Silva told about a time he looked everywhere for his key. It was in hispocket. He wrote：I always promise I will never do it again, but after-a few weeks,where is mywallet? For sure it will be in a very logical place.

　　　????? 5. What we get from failure differs from that from success in that_______.　　　??????? A. what we learn from failure is more powerful　　　??????? B. what we learn from success does no good to us　　　??????? C. the knowledge gained from failure is important for a company　　　??????? D. the knowledge gained from failure lasts longer　　　　　

　　　????? 6. From the passage, we can infer that________.　　　??????? A. The insulating material problem in 2002 didn't arouse enough attention　　　??????? B. There were no astronauts on Columbia　　　??????? C. In spite of the problem, Atlantis was considered a success　　　??????? D. Columbia exploded during its launch time　　　　　　　　　 7 .The writer gives the last two paragraphs to show that________.　　　??????? A. many people make mistakes in the world　　　??????? B. mistakes were a very embarrassing thing when found by others　　　??????? C. we can also draw a lesson from others' mistakes　　　??????? D. making mistakes was a necessity　　　　　 　?8. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?　　　??????? A. Only organizations can learn from mistakes 　　　??????? B. We can also learn from failures that have been avoided.　　　??????? C. Lessons from the shuttle flights are more important.　　　??????? D. Leaders often lack an open mind and seldom share information.

C

?As you grow older, you’ll be faced with some challenging decisions—like whether to cut class or try cigarettes. Making decisions on your own is hard enough, but when other people get involved and try to pressure you one way or another it can be even harder. People who are your age, like your classmates, are called peers. When they try to influence how you act, to get you to do something, it’s called peer pressure.　　Peers can have a positive influence on each other. Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in the solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book, and now everyone’s reading it. These are examples of how peers positively influence each other.　　Sometimes peers influence each other in negative ways. For example, a few kids in school might try to get you to cut class with them; your soccer friend might try to convince you to be mean to another player and never pass him the ball.　　It is tough to be the only one who says “no” to peer pressure, but you can do it. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do.　　You’ve probably had a parent or teacher advising you to “choose your friends wisely.” Peer pressure is a big reason why they say this. If you choose friends who don’t cut class, smoke cigarettes, or lie to their parents, then you probably won’t do these things either, even if other kids do.? If you continue to face peer pressure and you’re finding it difficult to handle, talk to someone you trust. Don’t feel guilty if you’ve made a mistake or two.



D

　 If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?　　　According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.　　　The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language.　　　A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of "early bilinguals" who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.　　　Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.　　　"Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language," said the scientists.　　　It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.　　　Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. "Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的),"he said. "You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas."　　　The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and 34. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. "Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world," explained the scientists.

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How can we all get more laughter into our lives? Here is what the experts suggest:

16 . Nancy Alguire, a teacher in Clifton Park, N. Y., was once painfully shy and had a hard time laughing. Then she married a circus clown (小丑). “I became interested in the clowns,” she recalls “One day I put on a costume and paint my face. That afternoon my whole life changed. I learned to laugh and enjoy life in a way I had never done before.” 17 To this day, she still makes it a rule to be with people who enjoy life and laughing.

18 It doesn’t take you too much time and can be easy. Collect favorite cartoons and jokes. Also, keep a paper for writing down humor you find in everyday life. “Good ideas come and go fast, you have to capture them quickly or they are gone,” says Virginia Tooper.

Laugh when y