专题八 情态动词与虚拟语气

1.【2013·江苏省泰州市高三上学期期末考试】—If he there were poisonous snakes in the mountain, he would not have camped there.

—Luckily, he was found relatively quickly and to the local medical center.

A． was reminded; rushed B． had been reminded; rushed

C． was reminded; rushing D． had been reminded; rushing

【解析】B考查动词时态和虚拟语气。句意：—如果他被告诉山里面有毒蛇的话，他就不会在那儿宿营了。—幸运的是他很快被发现了，而且迅速地被送到当地的医疗中心。第一空表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时表虚拟，第二空表示病人被送到医院。

2.【2013·江苏省泰州市高三上学期期末考试】—We the game．You spoiled the chance by missing the ball！

—I’m terribly sorry!

A． could win B．would win C．could have won D．must have won

【解析】C考查虚拟语气。句意：—我们本来可以赢得比赛的，但是你失分了，使我们丧失了赢的机会。—非常抱歉。

3.【2013·浙江温州八校联考1】--Jenny took the 8:00 bus to Guangzhou this morning.

--Really? She _________ the 9:00 train. It’s much more comfortable and safer to travel by train.

A. could have taken B. should take

C. must have taken D. can take

【解析】A考查情态动词的用法。句意：---今天上午Jenny乘8点的公共汽车去了广州。---真的吗？她本能坐9点的火车的。坐火车比公共汽车舒适、安全的多。

4.【2013·北省五校联盟调研考试】It’s said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There ______ be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.

A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

【解析】C考查情态动词的用法。句意：据说这个城市有许多宾馆。你找宾馆不应该有问题。

5.【2013·河北省五校联盟调研考试】— My son failed to be accepted by the firm after the interview.

— Now that he wasn’t well prepared, he might as well ______.

A. not try B. not to have tried C. not to try D. not have tried

【解析】D考查情态动词的用法。might as well意为“不妨”。句意：--我的儿子面试后没被公司接受。--既然他没有准备好，他就不该去试。

6.【2013·安徽省皖南八校高三第二次联考】 here yesterday, he could have seen Jackie Chen.

A．If Bob has come B．If Bob came C．Had Bob come D．If Bob should come

【解析】C考查虚拟语气。句意：要是鲍勃昨天在这儿，他可能会看到成龙。根据时间状语yesterday可知是对过去事实的假设，故用过去完成式，即If Bob had come…，省略为Had Bob come。故选C项。

7.【2013·山西省高三第二次诊断考试】If I had had enough money, I a car when the price was not so high.

A．bought B．will buy C．would buy D．would have bought

【解析】D考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我有足够的钱的话，当车价不高时，我就已经买了新车啦！言下之意，我当时没有买车，与过去的事实相反，主句用would have done，从句用had done，故选D。

8.【2013·山西省高三第二次诊断考试】—Excuse me , where is the nearest bank?

—Go straight ahead; you miss it, which is a huge building.

A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t

【解析】B考查情态动词。句意：——对不起，最近的银行在哪里？——径直往前走，你不可能错过，那是一栋大的楼房。Mustn’t不准，禁止；can’t不可能；needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该。根据题意可知选B项。

9.【2013·江苏省扬州中学高三1月质量检测】The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, it is almost compulsory that you ______ be optimistic.

A. must B. will C. need D. should

【解析】D考查虚拟语气。你必须记住的第一件事情是为了成功，你一定要乐观。在表示命令、要求、建议、义务等句中，从句用虚拟语气“should”形式，“should”可以省略。这些词有order, suggestion, suggest, demand, proposal, propose, compulsory等等。

10.【2013·江苏省兴化市板桥高级中学高三12月度检测】—You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?

—Yes, but we . He didn’t return home at all.

A．don’t have to B．needn’t have C．don’t need to D．should have

【解析】B考查情态动词完成式的用法。句意：是的，我们昨晚等了Smith 一晚上，但实际上没有必要，因为他昨晚根本就没回家。本句中“yes” 表示昨晚等了Smith 先生。但从下文中看出：他根本就没回家，所以可知“本没有必要等”；need not have 表示的意思是“本不需要”　其他选项不符合句意。

11.【2013·福建省龙岩市高三1月教学质量检查】— I want to persuade Marie to take part in the activity.

— It is out of the question. You ______ not change her mind，because she is stubborn.

A. can B. would C. should D. may

【解析】A考查情态动词的用法。句意：——我想劝说玛利亚参加这个活动。——不可能。你无法改变她的想法，因为她很固执。根据题意可知选A项ca（not）不可能。

12.【2013·新疆乌鲁木齐地区高三第一次诊断性测验】I just ______ believe you are a police officer, Kay. I remember in high school, you always wanted to be a lawyer.

A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. won’t D. dare not

【解析】A考查情态动词的用法。句意：Kay，我不能相信你现在是名警官，我记得高中时你想成为一名律师。can’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；won’t不会；dare not不敢。根据题意可知选A项。

13.【2013·辽宁省东北育才双语学校高三第三次模拟】---Why don’t you wear your jogging shorts, Mum?

---Well, my legs are too skinny, if you ______ know.

A. should B. can C. need D. must

【解析】D考查情态动词的用法。句意：妈妈，你为什么不穿你的运动短裤了？嗯，如果你非要知道的话，我的腿太廋了。must非要，一定要。

14.【2013·河北保定市期末调研】—— We expected you yesterday.

—— I’m sorry, I______ you to say that I couldn’t be here until today.

A. should have called B. must have called

C. could call D. would call

【解析】A考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：——我们昨天就在等你。——对不起，我应该打电话告诉你我今天才能到。此处should have done应该做的事没做。

15.【2013·河北省衡水中学高三第二次模拟考试】If you _______ carry with you the belief that all you do is right, it’s none of my business.

A. should B. may C. can D. must

【解析】D考查情态动词的用法。句意：如果你偏要坚信你所做的都是对的，这就不关我的事了。should应该；may也许；can能；must偏偏，根据句意应选D项。

16.【2013·河北省衡水中学高三第二次模拟考试】He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _______ a goal.

A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored

【解析】D考查虚拟及动词的时态。句意：他在踢进球前犹豫了一下，要不然的话他就进球得分了。这是otherwise引起的虚拟语气，由hesitated可以看出这是发生在过去，在主句中对于过去的虚拟，谓语动词应该用would have done，故选D

17.【2013·河北省邯郸市高三教学质量检测】“We_____ the train had we left earlier,” the wife complained to the husband.

A. wouldn’t miss B. wouldn’t have missed

C. would miss D. would have missed

【解析】B考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：“妻子向丈夫抱怨说：我们若早来就不会错过火车了”。这里是虚拟语气，if被省略了，所以had提前了，从句的谓语动词是had done可以判断这是对过去的虚拟，所以主句用would have done。根据句意应选B项。

18.【2013·清江中学高三第四次调研考试】 --Guess what, he has decided to enter for tomorrow’s speech contest!

-- it be possible? He is usually quite shy and reserved.

A. Must B. Would C. Should D. Need

【解析】C考查情态动词用法。句意：---你猜怎么着，他决定参加明天的演讲比赛。---怎么可能呢？他通常很害羞保守。should表示说话的人对某事不能理解，感到意外。

19.【2013·河南省濮阳三高高三上学期期末】You ___ trust an online shop just because it has a beautifully-designed website.

A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t

【解析】A考查情态动词。句意：你不应该信任一个在线商店仅仅因为它有一个美观的网站。shouldn’t不应该，表示建议。mustn’t 意为“禁止”，表示命令。couldn’t 意为“不能，无法”，表示能力。needn’t 意为“不需要”。根据句意中的原因状语从句，可以判断出本句想表达的是建议，所以选择 shouldn’t 最合适。

20.【2013·河南省濮阳三高高三上学期期末】She often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through QQ, as if they_________ chatting in her living room.

A. were B. are C. had been D. has been

【解析】A考查虚拟语气。句意：她经常通过qq与朋友分享她极深的思索和恐惧，好像他们是在她的卧室里与她聊天。as if放佛，如果引导的从句与事实相反，应使用虚拟语气。本句中as if后的从句与现在事实相反，按照时光倒流原则，谓语动词变为过去式形式，所以选were。

21.【2013·江苏省南京师范附属中学高三12月诊断】It was Mr. Zhang that helped us out of the trouble. Without his help, we ______ it so easily.

A. can’t manage B. mustn’t have managed

C. couldn’t have managed D. couldn’t manage

【解析】C考查虚拟语气。句意：是张先生帮我们脱离困境的，如果没有他的帮助，我们不可能这么容易就处理好这件事的。我们可以用介词without/but for/with等替代条件句，用虚拟语气，句中谓语动词用情态动词+have done形式表示与过去事实相反。

22.【2013·江苏省南京师范附属中学高三12月诊断】Mrs. Jones ______ twice as much for the dress had the salesman insisted, for she really loved its color and style.

A. would pay B. should pay C. would have paid D. should have paid

【解析】C考查省略if的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。句意：如果售货员坚持的话，Mrs. Jones将会花两倍的钱买那条裙子，因为她太喜欢它的颜色和款式了。“had the salesman insisted”相当于“If the salesman had insisted”，本句是省略if的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气，由had可知是与过去事实相反，所以主句用“would have done”形式。

23.【2013·山东省日照一中高三第三次质量检测】Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _________ something instead of just talking.

A. will do B. has done C. do D. did

【解析】D考查虚拟语气。句意：杰克非常健谈。是到了他干事而不只要空谈的时候了。It is （high）time that +从句，从句使用一般过去时或should + v结构。

24.【2013·山东省日照一中高三第三次质量检测】--- What does the sign over there say?

---No person _________ bring drinks into the student computer pool.

will B. may C. shall D. must

【解析】C考查情态动词。句意：——那边的招牌上鞋的什么？——任何人不允许将饮料带入学生电脑机房。shall用于二、三人称，表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺等。

25.【2013·河北省名校名师俱乐部高三第二次调研】－Was it you that called me last night?

－No, I didn’t call you. It _________someone else.

A. must be B. should be

C. must have been D. should have been

【解析】C考查情态动词的推测用法。句意：－是你昨晚打电话给我？－没有，我没给你打电话。那一定是别人打的。表对过去（昨晚）的推测，用情态动词+have+done结构，must have been一定，准是；should have been本应该而事实上没有。

26.【2013·河北省名校名师俱乐部高三第二次调研】He must have been ill, or he ______to the lecture then.

A. would come B. would have come C. came D. had come

【解析】B考查情态动词的推测用法。句意：他一定是病了，否则他那时会来参加讲座。表对过去发生的事情的推测：情态动词+have+done。本题是本次考试中的原创题。

27.【2013·河北省保定市八校高三12月联考】All visitors are waiting outside, Doctor Li. _______ they come in together or separately?

A. Shall B. Can C. will D. would

【解析】A考查情态动词的用法。句意：所有的观众都等在外面。李博士，让他一起进来，还是一个一个地进来？shall将，……好吗？；can能；will将，将要；愿意；would将，将要；愿意，will的过去式。

28.【2013·河北省保定市八校高三12月联考】If only I _______ more confidence in the English speech contest held last week

A． would have B．have had C． had had D． Have

【解析】C考查虚拟语气。句意：在上周举行的英语演讲比赛，我要是有更多的信心就好了！if only但愿，要是……就好了，这表示对过去的推测和假设，用过去完成时态。

29.【2013·安徽省省级示范高中名校高三联考】-- I turn on the TV for you, Grandpa?

--Yes, thanks a lot, my dear. You’re so considerate.

A. May B. Shall C. Will D. Need

【解析】B 考查情态动词。shall 用于一三人称表示“征求意见”、“建议”。注意shall 的另外两种用法，shall 用于法律，法规，公文，条约中，表示义务或规定，一般用于第三人称；shall 用于二三人称时可以表示警告，命令，允诺，强迫，决心，威胁，意图等。本句是征求意见，故答案为B项；may用于第一人称疑问句中表示“请求”、“允许”与语境句意不符。

30.【2013·安徽省省级示范高中名校高三联考】I didn’t have enough money on me, or I that iphone on sale the other day.

A. would buy B. would have bought C. will buy D. bought

【解析】B 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果那天我身上带了足够的钱，我就把那特价的苹果手机买了。由句意可知这里假设的条件没有通过条件从句表达出来，而是隐含在连词“or”中，故名含蓄条件句，其谓语常用虚拟语气。表示“不具备条件”的连词有but，but that，or，otherwise…且根据“or”前面的分句可知这是与过去事实相反的情况，所以选择B项。