江苏省泗阳中学2013届高三“艺体类”专项复习：阅读专题七

教学素材：



Even plant can run a fever, especially when they’re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3, 000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared（红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide （杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest （害虫）problems.

　　Even better, Paley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3, 000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running“fevers”. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.

　　The bad news is that Paley’s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long - term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States, ” says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson , who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only ff Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.

1． Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are______________.

A. sprayed with pesticides　　

B. facing an infrared scanner

C. in poor physical condition　　

D. exposed to excessive sun rays

2．In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to____________.

A. estimate the damage to the crops　　

B. measure the size of the affected area

C. draw a color-coded map　　

D. locate the problem area

3．Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by______________.

A. resorting to spot-spraying　　

B. consulting infrared scanning experts

C. transforming poisoned rain　　

D. detecting crop problems at an early stage

4．The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties

_______________.

A. the lack of official support　　

B. its high cost

C. the lack of financial support　

D. its failure to help increase production

5．Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of_____________.

　A. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce

　B. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops

　C. the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture

D. full support from agricultural experts

教学步骤：

（一）例题感悟

本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了将原用于军事和卫星的红外线扫描技术运用于农业的前景，人们为此所做出的努力及遇到的困难。

（二）解题分析与学法指导

1．C。细节理解题。依据文章第二自然段第2行“．．．an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops．The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running‘fevers’”，说明植物在发“高烧”，也就是说，“身体状况”不佳时才会散发热，所以选项C符合题意。

2．D。推理判断题。本题要求判断使用红外线扫描技术的目的。依据文章第二自然段第4行“．．．showing where plants were running ‘fevers’．Farmers could then spot spray，．．．”说明目的是确定有问题的区域，以使农民有针对性地喷杀虫剂。显然，选项D（确定有问题的地域）为最佳选项。

3．A。细节理解题。依据文章第二自然段最后一句“Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would”（采取点喷，农民们可以节省平时用量的50％至70％的杀虫剂），选项A符合题意。

4．C。推理判断题。依据文章第三自然段的第1句“The bad news is that Palely’s company closed down in 1984，　after only three years．Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find”，从中可以看出红外线扫描技术应用于农业遇到了一些问题，原因有两个：一是农民对新技术的抵制，二是难以找到长期赞助商。文章中还有一处明显的提示出现在最后一句：“But only if Palely finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago”．从该句提供的信息同样可以反推出10年前的情形，所以选项C正确。

5．B。细节理解题。依据文章第三自然段第2行“But with the renewed concern about pesticide on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning，Palely hopes to get back into operation”，可知B项（出于对杀虫剂过度使用的担心）符合题意。

（三）基础与巩固训练

I entered high school having read hundreds of books. But I was not a good reader. Merely bookish, I lacked a point of view when I read. Rather, I read in order to get a point of view. I searched books for good expressions and sayings, pieces of information, ideas, themes—anything to enrich my thought and make me feel educated.

When one of my teachers suggested to his sleepy tenth-grade English class that a person could not have a “complicated idea” until he had read at least two thousand books, I heard the words without recognizing either its irony (嘲讽) or its very complicated truth. I merely determined to make a list of all the books I had ever read. Strict with myself, I included only once a title I might have read several times. (How, after all, could one read a book more than once?) And I included only those books over a hundred pages in length. (Could anything shorter be a book?)

There was yet another high school list I made. One day I came across a newspaper article about an English professor at a nearby state college. The article had a list of the “hundred most important books of Western Civilization.” “More than anything else in my life,” the professor told the reporter with finality, “these books have made me all that I am.” That was the kind of words I couldn’t ignore.

I kept the list for the several months it took me to read all of the titles. Most books, of course, I hardly understood. While reading Plato's The Republic, for example, I needed to keep looking at the introduction of the book to remind myself what the text was about. However, with the special patience and superstition (迷信) of a schoolboy, I looked at every word of the text. And by me time I reached the last word, pleased, I persuaded myself that I had read The Republic, and seriously crossed Plato off my list.

1. On heating the teacher's suggestion of reading, the writer thought _______.

A. one must read as many books as possible

B. a student should not have a complicated idea

C. it was impossible for one to read two thousand books

D. students ought to make a list of the books they had read

2. While at high school, the writer _______.

A. had plans for reading

B. learned to educate himself

C. only read books over 100 pages

D. read only one book several times

3. The underlined phrase “with finality” probably means _______.

A. firmly B. clearly C. proudly D. pleasantly

4. The writer's purpose in mentioning The Republic is to _______.

A. explain why it was included in the list

B. describe why he seriously crossed it off the list

C. show that he read the books blindly though they were hard to understand

D. prove that he understood most of it because he had looked at every word

5. The writer provides two book lists to _______.

A. show how he developed his point of view

B. tell his reading experience at high school

C. introduce the two persons' reading methods

D. explain that he read many books at high school

[答案及解析] 1—5 AAACB

1. A 细节理解题。 从第一段后半部分可以看出，作者在听到老师有关阅读的意见以后，就开始争取读尽量多的书，并把自己读过的书都列成了一个书目。

2. A 细节理解题。 从第一段可以得知，作者并不是只读超过l00页的书，更不是只是反复地读一本书，更没有关于他学着自己教育自己的表述。

3. A 词义猜测题。 在他的一生中，是他所阅读过的这些书使他取得了如今的成就。根据上下文的理解，我们可以推测这位科学家是很“坚定地”跟记者说的。

4. C 推理判断题。 作者说他阅读柏拉图的书是为了说明他当时读书比较盲目，读了很多很深奥难懂的书。

5. B 推理判断题。 作者在文中说他曾经列的两个书单，是为了支撑他整篇文章的主题：他在中学的时候是如何读书的，而并不是他如何形成自己的观点、介绍两个人的读书方法、或者解释他在中学的时候读过很多书。