河南省洛阳市八中2013-2014学年高二下学期第二次月考英语试题

一卷（满分70分）

一 阅读理解（满分30分）

A

Even small cuts can become infected if they are left untreated. Any break in the skin can let bacteria (细菌) enter the body. But taking good care of any injury that breaks the skin can help prevent an infection.

Medical experts say the first step in treating a wound is to use clean water. Lake or ocean water should not be used. To clean the area around the wound, experts suggest using a clean cloth and soap. They say there is no need to use products like peroxide (过氧化氢).

It is important to remove all dirt and other material from the wound. After the wound is clean, use a small amount of antibiotic (抗生素的) cream. They also help to keep the surface of the wound from becoming dry. Finally, cover the cut with a clean bandage while it heals. Change the bandage daily and keep the wound clean. As the wound heals, inspect for signs of infection including increased pain, redness and fluid around the cut. A high body temperature is also a sign of infection. If a wound seems infected, let the victim rest. Physical activity can spread the infection. Seek help from a doctor.

For larger wounds, or in case bleeding does not stop quickly, use direct pressure. Place a clean piece of cloth on the area and hold it firmly in place until the bleeding stops or medical help arrives. Direct pressure should be kept on a wound for about twenty minutes. Do not remove the cloth if the blood drips through it. Instead, put another cloth on top and continue pressure. Use more pressure if the bleeding has not stopped after twenty minutes. If the bleeding still does not stop, send for a doctor immediately.

1. To treat a wound, you should NOT ______.

A. clean it with sea water

B. clean the dirt around it

C. cover it with a clean cloth

D. use peroxide

2. What should a patient with a wound do if he has a high body temperature?

A. Change the bandage daily and keep the wound clean.

B. Put a small amount of antibiotic cream onto the wound.

C. Do nothing as it’s not serious.

D. See a doctor as soon as possible.

3. The underlined word “victim” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “______”.

A. wound B. pain C. bandage D. patient

4. Which is the RIGHT order in dealing with large wounds or bleeding?

a. Put another cloth on top.

b. Cover the wound with a clean cloth.

c. Hold the wound tightly.

d. Wash the cut with running water.

e. Send for a doctor if it is needed.

A. a, b, c, d B. b, c, a, e

C. d, b, c, a D. c, b, a, e

B

The US space shuttle Discovery’s safe landing is an obvious comfort to NASA, which was forced to pause construction of the half-built space station three years ago when the shuttle Columbia broke up upon re-entry into the atmosphere.

After landing, shuttle commander Steve Lindsey inspected the spacecraft and declared it free of damage after its long journey. “This is my fourth flight, and I’ve never seen a vehicle that looked as clean as this one did.”

That is important to NASA, because it worked more than three years to ensure that shuttles suffer as little damage as possible.

NASA chief Michael Griffin attributes Discovery’s success to the new measures they had taken and a bit of luck.

“This is as good a mission as we’ve ever flown, but we’re not going to get overconfident,” he said. “We have to take it flight by flight.”

During Discovery’s two-week flight, the orbiter carried a third crew member to the space station, which has had only two since Columbia’s accident. It also hauled up new supplies and equipment, and its crew members made repairs to station systems critical to continuing the outpost’s construction. Michael Griffin said, “So with this flight, we are ready to get on with construction, and we will do just that.”

Station construction restarts late next month, when the shuttle Atlantis is to deliver a pair of solar energy panels, new batteries and other components.

Griffin points out that shuttle flights are always risky and that station assembly (装配) missions are the most complicated that shuttles fly. He says only 16 shuttle flights remain before the fleet is retired in 2010, and more orbiter troubles could be ruinous for the space station’s construction schedule.

“We don’t have any leeway (松懈),” he said. “We have just enough shuttle flights left to do the job. So, we can’t afford to mess up.”

5. From the passage, we learn that __________.

A Steve Lindsey has travelled four times in space

B. it took NASA less than three years to ensure that shuttles would suffer little damage

C the shuttle Discovery forced NASA to pause construction of the space station

D. Discovery’s successful flight was due to luck

6. What do we know about the shuttle Discovery from the passage?

A. It broke into pieces on re-entry into the atmosphere.

B. Its successful flight means NASA can continue constructing the space station.

C. It sent solar energy panels and new batteries to the station.

D. It carried two crew members to the space station.

7. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A. Discovery is the worst damaged shuttle after a flight that Michael Griffin has ever seen

B. there will be many other shuttle flights in the near future

C. the space station construction will be continued soon

D. the crew members haven’t repaired the space station

8. What would be the best title for this passage?

A. Space station construction to be continued.

B. Space flight accident avoided again.

C. Space shuttle Discovery lands safely.

D. The space shuttle Discovery’s two-week flight.

C

Burns can be caused by fire, the sun, chemicals, heated objects or fluids, and electricity. They can be minor problems or life-threatening emergencies. Distinguishing a minor burn from a more serious burn involves determining the degree of damage to the tissues of the body. If you are not sure how serious the burn is, seek emergency medical help.

First-degree burns are those in which only the outer layer of skin is burned. The skin is usually red and some swelling (肿大) and pain may occur. Unless the burn involves large portions of the body, it can be treated at home.

Second-degree burns are those in which the first layer of skin has been burned through and the second layer of skin is also burned. In these burns, the skin reddens intensely and blisters (水泡) develop. Severe pain and swelling also occur. Second-degree burns require medical treatment.

Third-degree burns are the most serious and involve all layers of skin. Fat, nerves, muscles, and even bones may be affected. Areas may be charred black or appear a dry white. If nerve damage is substantial, there may be no pain at all. These burns require emergency medical attention.

Follow these steps when treating minor burns at home

1) If the skin is not broken, run cool water over the burn for several minutes.

2) Cover the burn with a sterile (消过毒的) bandage or clean cloth.

3) Take aspirin to relieve any swelling or pain.

Seek emergency treatment immediately for major burns. Before an emergency unit arrives, follow these steps

1) Remove the person from the source of the burn (fire, electrical current, etc.).

2) If the person is not breathing, begin mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸) immediately.

3) Remove all clothing to stop further burning. If the clothing is stuck to the burn, do not attempt to remove it.

4) Cover the burned area with a cool, moist, sterile bandage or clean cloth. Do not place any creams, ointments (药膏) or ice on the burned area or break blisters.

5) Monitor the patient for signs of shock, and treat accordingly.

9. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means “______”.

A. They can be dangerous if you don’t treat them seriously

B. They range from slight burns to deadly ones

C. They seldom cause deaths even if not treated properly

D. They usually cause deaths if not treated properly

10. Burns are divided into different degrees according to _______.

A. what kind of treatment they need

B. what kind of tissue of the body is damaged

C. whether there is pain and what degree of pain there is

D. which layer of skin is burned

11. From the passage we learn that _______.

A. if there is severe pain, then you need medical treatment

B. first-degree burns don’t require medical treatment

C. burns without pains can be treated at home

D. the larger the swelling is, the more serious it is

12. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A. you shouldn’t cover the burn with a bandage or cloth if it is severe

B. you shouldn’t move the person unless you know how to do first aid

C. you shouldn’t run cool water over the burn if the skin is broken

D. you shouldn’t place any wet towels on the burned area

D

Farmers use different kinds of soil conservation methods to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of nature. One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks.

Windbreaks are barriers (屏障) formed by trees and other plants with many leaves. Farmers plant them in lines around their fields. Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops. They are very important for growing grains, such as wheat.

There have been studies done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa, for example. They found that grain harvests can be twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without such protection.

However, windbreaks seem to work best when they allow a little wind to pass through. If the wall of trees and plants stops wind completely, then violent air motions will take place close to the ground. These motions will lift soil into the air where it will be blown away.

For this reason, a windbreak is best if it has only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants needed to make a solid line.

There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants wi