一、完型填空：

People often say that the Englishman’s home is his castle(城堡). They mean that the home is very important and personal. Most people in Britain live in houses 1 flat, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them individual(个人的) ;They can 2 them and change them in any way they 3 .In a crowded city the individual knows that he or she has a private space which is 4 for himself or herself and for 5 friends.

People usually like to mark their space . Are you sitting now in your home or in a beach or a train? If you are on the beach you may have spread your 6 around you; on the train you may have 7 your coat or small bag on the seat beside you; in a library you may have one corner or chair which is your own.

Once I was traveling on a 8 to London. I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us. The man on the 9 side to me had his briefcase on the table. There was no 10 on my side of the table at all. I was made rather 11 . I thought he thought that he owned the 12 table. I took various papers out of my bag and put them on 13 ! When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped out of his head. I had invaded (侵犯) his space ! A few minutes later I took my papers 14 his case in order to read them. He immediately 15 his case to his side of the table. ( Of course , it is possible that he just wanted to be helpful to me ! )

1. A. rather than B. as well as C. as a result of D. or rather

2. A. buy B. leave C. paint D. offer

3. A. make B. clear C. like D. prepare

4. A. only B. already C. ever D. even

5. A. unwanted B. unexpected C. sick D. invited

6. A. towels B. sands C. papers D. flags

7. A. find B. give C. put D. store

8. A. plane B. train C. way D. street

9. A. opposite B. back C. wrong D. good

10. A. matter B. weight C. light D. space

11. A. angry B. hurt C. fearful D. busy

12. A. right B. only C. small D. whole

13. A. the table B. his case C. the seat D. his side

14. A. into B. for C. off D. out of

15. A. hid B. set C. moved D. kept

二、阅读理解：

A

The Hawaiian Islands are situated about two thousand miles away from North America, right in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Despite(尽管) the distance the islands actually make up the fiftieth state of the United States. The islands were all formed by volcanic eruption and on the largest of the islands, Hawaii, or the Big Island, there are still two active volcanoes, the Mauna Loa and the Kilauea, which still erupt every few years.

On the Hawaiian islands the natives have a particularly strange way of indicating directions. They don’t use the north, south, east and west system common to the rest of the world. They use the mauka and makai system. Mauka means “mountain”. The mountains in Hawaii are always at the center of the islands, as these are volcanic islands. Makai means “the sea”. The islands are small and the system is simple. Wherever you want to visit, it can always be described in terms of where it lies in relation to the mountains and the sea. A typical conversation between a native Hawaiian and a tourist might go as follow.

TOURIST: Excuse me! Could you tell me where the Sheraton Hotel is?

HAWAIIAN: Well… Let me see! From here it’s two blocks mauka, and then one block makai. You can’t miss it!

1. This passage would be most likely to appear in which of the following?

A novel. B. A collection of stories.

C. A women’s magazine. D. A reference book.

2. Choose the most suitable title for the article.

The Big Island. B. Volcanoes.

C. Giving Directions in Hawaii D. The Hawaiian Islands.

3. Which of the following items does the passage NOT discuss?

A. Hawaii’s location. B. How to give directions in Hawaii.

C. Volcanoes. D. The climate.

4. In Hawaii the mountains are in the center of the islands because .

of the weather

the islands were created by volcanic eruptions

of the geological conditions

of the islands’ location in the Pacific

5. To find your way in Hawaii, you must .

refer to geographical directions

refer to well-known establishments

refer to the earth and the sea

refer to the location of the mountains and the sea

B

Status of Judicial System in the USA

In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the parties-and the parties have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of improving the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.

One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the parties and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents’ evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.

Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the parties almost nothing, In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading-the parties need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff waives any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.

In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be have their day in court.

6. The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following except _____.

narrow the issues

cause early settlement

save judicial time

increase settlement cost

7. What is the main topic of the passage?

All states should follow California’ s example in using small-claims courts in order to free judges for other work.

The legislature needs to formulate fewer laws so that the judiciary can catch up on its older cases.

Nobody seems to care enough to attempt to find method for making the judicial system more efficient.

While there are many problems with the court system, there are viable suggestions, for improvement.

8. The word “parties” means mostly _______.

jury members

commentators

parties in a lawsuit

taxpayers

9. Which of the following is true about small-claim courts?

It is possible to have one’s case heard by a jury if he or she is dissatisfied with the court’s decision.

The parties must plead accurately and according to a strict form.

The decision may not be appealed to a higher court.

The parties may not present their cases without an attorney’ s help.

10. What can we assume from the passage?

Most people who feel they have been wronged have a ready remedy in courts of law.

Many people would like to bring a case to court, but are unable to because of the cost and the time required.

The judicial system in the US is highly acclaimed for its efficiency.

Pretrial conferences will someday probably have replaced trials completely.

C

In today's Ireland, it seems hard to imagine the grim days of the 19th century when so many of the population starved, or that, in those days, many poor people had no clue how to prepare any food other than boil a potato. Nowadays, it is quite possible to eat both well and heartily all over the island.

Tourism has made a vast difference to the standards of cooking in Ireland. Until recently there was hardly any tradition of eating out in many districts, except perhaps on very few occasions at a local hotel. Patterns of diet were old-styled, based firmly on 'meat and two vegetables' (somewhat overcooked), potatoes (of course) and large quantities of dairy produce. Now things are very different. Tourist demands for predictable, inexpensive fast-food are met, as everywhere, with hamburgers and pizzas - a better bet being fish and chips. But more sophisticated tastes have introduced wholefoods and vegetarian restaurants (almost unheard of before), and a vast number of new restaurants, often French in style, have opened in the main tourist centres. Food 'events' such as Kinsale's Gourmet festival or Galway's Oyster Festival attract large numbers of visitors and reflect the new interest in food.

Whatever Irish cooking lacks in finesse（精细）, it nearly always makes up for in plenty, and ingredients(成分) are of a high quality. Home-grown produce includes rich dairy foods, beef, lamb and pork, and a great variety of seafood. One of its great specialities is soda bread. It is made with buttermilk and is served fresh and warm with every meal. Recently there has been a return to simple Irish foods such as stews（炖菜）and potato dishes.

One of the best-value meals in